Gaia Community: Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. 's Blog tag:gaia.com,2008,:Gaia http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/feed en-us 20 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 03:11:48 GMT Gaia Community: Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. 's Blog Gold 'Missing' from Royal Canadian Mint http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-277020 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 03:11:48 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/7/gold-missing-from-royal-canadian-mint <p><br /><br /><h2>Mint can&#39;t find $15.3M in precious metals</h2><p>No accounting errors</p><p><strong>Peter Koven, Financial Post&nbsp; </strong>Published:&nbsp;Tuesday, June 30, 2009</p><h4>At the Royal Canadian Mint, the big question remains unanswered:What the heck happened to our gold? After a thorough independent investigation, it still has no concrete answers and says a theft is possible.</h4><p>For the past few months, the Mint has tried to get to the bottom of an unprecedented scandal in which some gold it was supposed to have in its inventory for the 2008 fiscal year has seemingly disappeared. Yesterday, it revealed that $15.3-million of precious metals is unaccounted for at its Ottawa facility.</p><p>Christine Aquino, director of communications for the Mint, said it is looking into &quot;all&quot; possibilities at this time, including the chance that someone pulled off an Ocean&#39;s 11-esque heist from a facility that ranks as one of the most secure in the country. It has even asked the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to do its own investigation.</p><p>&quot;We&#39;re not going to discount anything,&quot; she said.</p><p>The one thing the Mint is confident of is that the problem is not accounting. Yesterday, it released a 54-page independent report by Deloitte &amp; Touche LLP that determined there were no counting mistakes that could explain the $15.3-million discrepancy in inventory. Deloitte went to great lengths to make sure no accounting errors were made -- it even checked out the precious metals content in the Mint&#39;s chlorination slag (a by-product of the refining process).</p><p>Deloitte said that 17,500 troy ounces of gold, or 0.32% of the Mint&#39;s stock, is unaccounted for. At today&#39;s spot gold price of US$940.70 an ounce, that is worth nearly $16.5-million. (The Mint&#39;s $15.3-million figure reflects prices at the end of last year.)</p><p>While an outright theft at the Mint is not out of the question, experts said yesterday that it is unlikely.</p><p>&quot;Clearly the least likely scenario is that some guy in a trenchcoat walks out with a 400-ounce, 12.5-kilo bar and goes undetected day after day,&quot; said Jon Nadler, senior analyst with Montreal-based bullion dealer Kitco, which stores some gold at the Mint.</p><p>&quot;That&#39;s the Italian Job scenario. I don&#39;t see that. We&#39;ve been there [to the Mint]; we&#39;ve seen how fortress-like the place is.&quot;</p><p>The Mint has told its clients that all their gold is safe, and Mr. Nadler said he is not losing sleep over the facility&#39;s security procedures.</p><p>To figure out where the gold went, Deloitte suggested the Mint undergo technical reviews, security reviews and prior-period accounting studies. The Mint plans to follow those recommendations.</p><p>But getting to the bottom of what happened may not be an easy task. Ms. Aquino said that reviewing the Mint&#39;s accounting from prior years is difficult because of staff turnover, changes in technology and a lack of supporting documents. She also said its security standards are top-notch and there are no known issues with it.</p><p>The Mint has suggested the problem may have come about as a result of a red-hot gold market.</p><p>Last year, spot gold prices rose above US$1,000 an ounce for the first time ever as the global financial system unravelled and gold reclaimed its traditional role as a safe haven in times of turmoil. That led to an unprecedented demand for gold coins and bars, and many dealers reported shortages as they tried to meet demand.</p><p>That also affected the Mint, which was processing far more gold than it was used to.</p><p>&quot;The amount of precious metal coming in and out of this facility put a lot of stress on our reporting systems and how we do business here,&quot; Ms. Aquino said. &quot;We&#39;re looking at that as one of the possible reasons for this occurrence.&quot;</p><p><br />pkoven@nationalpost.com<br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/accountable%3F+gold" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'accountable? gold'">accountable? gold</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/awareness" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'awareness'">awareness</a> </p> Image Control and the Programme/Conditioning Matrix http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-275595 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 05:22:32 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/image-control-and-the-programme-conditioning-matrix <p><br /><br /><h1><a rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/david-icke-on-alex-jones-tv-superseding-the-reptilian-brain/" title="Permanent Link to David Icke on Alex Jones TV: Superseding the Reptilian Brain"></a></h1><a href="http://www.infowars.com/david-icke-on-alex-jones-tv-superseding-the-reptilian-brain/"><strong>Superceding the Reptilian Brain</strong><br /></a><br /><a href="http://www.examiner.com/x-8199-Breakthrough-Energy-Examiner~y2009m6d21-David-Icke-on-Alex-Jones-TV-Superseding-the-Reptilian-Brain" target="_blank"><strong>Sterling Allan</strong></a><br />Examiner<a href="http://prisonplanet.com/"><br /></a>June 21, 2009 <br /><br /><p><strong><em>A fascinating dialogue between two pillars in the freedom and enlightenment movement; relevant to the emergence of free energy technology because it describes the &lsquo;mindset&#39; of those who seek to suppress the emergence of these technology that would not only make oil obsolete, but would remove one of the primary methods of maintaining control over society.</em></strong><img src="http://www.pureenergysystems.com/news/images/navigation/blank.gif" border="0" alt="featured stories David Icke on Alex Jones TV: Superseding the Reptilian Brain" title="David Icke on Alex Jones TV: Superseding the Reptilian Brain Photo" width="200" height="2" /></p><br />Alex Jones is one of the most courageous spokesmen on the subject of the intentional erosion of freedom by a cabal who is seeking to establish a New World Order that would essentially be a global socialist dictatorship, for which President Barak Obama has been putting the U.S. on the fast track. <br /><p>I recommend that you subscribe to his YouTube channel, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/TheAlexJonesChannel" title="http://www.youtube.com/user/TheAlexJonesChannel">http://www.youtube.com/user/TheAlexJonesChannel</a> and listen in once in a while.</p><p>One of the most amazing interviews he&#39;s done on his <a rel="nofollow" href="http://prisonplanet.tv/" title="http://PrisonPlanet.tv">http://prisonplanet.tv/</a> show, from a spiritual point of view, is an interview he did on June 15, 2009, with David Icke, former professional football player, reporter, BBC television sports presenter, author, popular lecturer and New World Order researcher. See David&#39;s website at <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.davidicke.com/" title="http://www.davidicke.com">http://www.davidicke.com/</a></p><p>Here they talk about the &quot;reptilian brain&quot;, which is a mainstream scientific term for the brain stem where the primitive animalistic instincts are found: fight-flight, knee-jerk reactions, fear, lust, survival instincts. In contrast, the enlightened &quot;consciousness&quot; component of advanced humans, can supersede this animalistic foundation, and will ultimately be what enables civilization to rise above the present central-authoritarian-control-based society (New World Order) that is based in the reptilian brain instincts, both in terms of the controllers and those who allow themselves to be controlled.</p><p>It&#39;s a fascinating dialogue between two pillars in the freedom movement and well worth your time to listen to it.</p><p>This subject is highly relevant to the emergence of free energy technology as well, because it describes the &quot;mindset&quot; (reptilian) of those who seek to suppress the emergence of these technologies that would not only make oil obsolete, but would remove one of the primary methods of maintaining control over society. Distributed energy and free, individualistic, enlightened expression go hand in hand. That is our destiny.</p><p>Here is an embedded playlist showing the 10-part video series of this interview between Alex Jones and David Icke.</p><br /><br /><br /> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/1JCUYyplyEM"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/1JCUYyplyEM" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/1JCUYyplyEM" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">Icon David Icke on Alex Jones Tv 7/10:Dark Forces Behind of The N</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_131917" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/><br /><br /><div align="center">.</div><br id="ze_clear_asset_275595" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/there+is+no+authority+but+you." rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'there is no authority but you.'">there is no authority but you.</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/WAKE+UP" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'WAKE UP'">WAKE UP</a> </p> Max Keiser on Switzerland and Banking Secrecy http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-275398 Sat, 20 Jun 2009 13:16:56 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/max-keiser-on-switzerland-and-banking-secrecy <p><br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="http://www.banksy.co.uk/outdoors/images/landscapes/nyc/letthemeatcrack.jpg" alt="" width="468" height="225" /><br /><br /><div align="center"><strong>Are we going to let <a href="http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/bilderberg-2009-attendee-list">them</a> get away with this?</strong><br /><br /></div><div align="center"><strong> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://blip.tv/play/AYGK6jCXrgo"> <param name ="src" value="http://blip.tv/play/AYGK6jCXrgo" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://blip.tv/play/AYGK6jCXrgo" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">AYGK6jCXrgo</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_131716" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></strong></div><br /><br /><br />.<br id="ze_clear_asset_275398" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Max+Keiser" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Max Keiser'">Max Keiser</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/no+reserves" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'no reserves'">no reserves</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/delusion" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'delusion'">delusion</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/shadow+government" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'shadow government'">shadow government</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Gerald+Celente" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Gerald Celente'">Gerald Celente</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/banksy" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'banksy'">banksy</a> </p> More Power to the Federal (Feral) Reserve > ? < http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-275076 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 00:19:14 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/more-power-to-the-federal-feral-reserve <p><h1><a rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/obamas-financial-regulatory-reform-plan-is-nothing-of-the-sort/" title="Permanent Link to Obama's "></a></h1><a rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/obamas-financial-regulatory-reform-plan-is-nothing-of-the-sort/" title="Permanent Link to Obama's "><br /><br /><br />Obama&#39;s &quot;Financial Regulatory Reform Plan&quot;</a><br /><br /><strong>Kurt Nimmo<br /></strong><a href="http://www.infowars.com/">www.infowars.com</a><br />June 17, 2009 <br /><p><br />Obama&#39;s misnamed &quot;Financial Regulatory Reform Plan&quot; is a brazen attempt by the bankers to consolidate their power.</p><p>Obama - or rather, the bankers who own Obama - has devised something called a &quot;Financial Services Oversight Council&quot; to be chaired by the bankster dominated Treasury Department. This uber-council would call the shots for every financial firm in the country and supposedly refer &quot;emerging risks to the attention of regulators with the authority to respond,&quot; even as <a href="http://www.infowars.com/obama-plans-to-cut-bank-regulators-allow-fed-to-supervise-financial-holding-companies/" target="_blank">Obama plans</a> to call for the U.S. Office of Thrift Supervision to close under the direction of the Federal Reserve.</p><p>Instead of independent bank regulators, Obama proposes a &quot;National Bank Supervisor&quot; who would have &quot;separate status within Treasury and be led by a single executive,&quot; according to Clusterstock. The NBS czar would occupy a centralized post in enemy territory and &quot;take over the prudential responsibilities of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which currently charters and supervises nationally chartered banks and federal branches and agencies of foreign banks.&quot;</p><p>Next up, Obama tells us he wants to create a Consumer Financial Protection Agency, a laughable proposal if it wasn&#39;t so criminally dishonest. It would be charged with protecting consumers of credit, savings, payment and financial products and services, or so we are expected to believe. It will be another government behemoth beholden to the same financial elite that has so far ransacked the nation to the tune of trillions of dollars.</p><p>&quot;The CFPA will be a massive new agency that will impact everyone in the United States in some form,&quot; writes <a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/money_co/2009/06/the-obama-administrations-proposed-overhaul-of-financial-system-regulation-would-create-a-consumer-financial-protection-age.html" target="_blank">Andrew Busch</a>, a markets strategist at BMO Capital Markets in Chicago. &quot;Providing this much power to one agency is truly frightening as they will get to set the rules and pick the winners/losers for the financial sector.&quot;</p><p>You know, the same &quot;winners&quot; now ruling the roost.</p><p>Then there is the Office of National Insurance, also to set up camp in the Treasury. It will allegedly improve and broaden the regulation of insurance companies and affiliates on a consolidated basis, including affiliates outside the traditional insurance business, and will offer consistent consumer protection for insurance products and practices.</p><p>The excuse for this one is the failure of AIG. On September 16, 2008, AIG suffered a liquidity crisis following the downgrade of its credit rating. It needed a $85 billion credit infusion from the money out of thin air folks over at the Federal Reserve. The Fed basically ended up owning AIG and its boatload of toxic debt.</p><p>If you check the Federal Reserve Act, you will see there is nothing in there about the ability to buy up insurance companies. <strong>But then, since the Fed is not actually a part of the U.S. government and is a private banking corporation owned by a consortium of private banks</strong>, it is not beholden to no stinking act passed in the dead of night during a Christmas recess way back in 1913.</p>It wasn&#39;t insurance losses that nearly toppled AIG - it was the <strong>actions of secretive unit </strong>that caused more than $18 billion in losses for the world&#39;s largest insurance company. AIG Financial Products was run like a hedge fund out of London and Wilton, Connecticut, and specialized in derivatives masquerading as &quot;financial products.&quot; <br /><p>Do you think the Treasury, run by little Timmy Geithner - who was president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, worked for the master criminals Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers, spent time at the CFR and learned a trick or two under the direction of Herr Kissinger and Associates - will &quot;regulate&quot; derivatives pretending to be &quot;financial products&quot; for insurance customers?</p><p>Please.</p><p><strong>Wall Street and its international offshore banker overlords are addicted to derivatives.</strong> &quot;These derivatives now amount to a total worldwide notional value that can be estimated between 1 quadrillion and two quadrillion US dollars. This sum is so large that it dwarfs the total value of the entire planet earth and all those who live here,&quot; notes <a href="http://www.prisonplanet.com/no-to-the-paulson-bernanke-derivatives-scam-bailout.html" target="_blank">Webster G. Tarpley</a>.</p><p>If you think Obama and crew plan to do something about this massive black hole, I have a bridge to sell you on Krypton.</p><p>Obama&#39;s &quot;Financial Regulatory Reform Plan&quot; is but another bankster scam. It is an obvious plan to grab up more industries and goodies under the guise of &quot;regulation&quot; and (ack) &quot;consumer protection.&quot; So contemptuous of you and your family are the bankers they don&#39;t even attempt to make this threadbare nonsense plausible. It is thievery right out in the open.</p><p>Our only hope at this point is <strong>the Federal Reserve Transparency Act, HR 1207, now up to 232 co-sponsors. It needs a two-thirds vote with 290 members on board so the bankster tool Obama will not veto it.</strong></p><p>On that day of its passage there will be a short cry of hosanna - and then we will open the Fed&#39;s books and begin the process of delivering the criminals to justice and closing down the Federal Reserve Crime Syndicate once and for all.<br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/it%27s+not+federal+-+there+are+no+reserves" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'it's not federal - there are no reserves'">it's not federal - there are no reserves</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/WAKE+UP" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'WAKE UP'">WAKE UP</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/serious+enough+4+ya%3F" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'serious enough 4 ya?'">serious enough 4 ya?</a> </p> Hacking at the Roots http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-274923 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:12:50 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/hacking-at-the-roots <p><br /><p><strong>ALEX JONES SHOW</strong> </p><p><br /><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/woods.jpg" alt="Thomas Woods" width="95" height="114" /> </p><p><strong><br />Thomas Woods</strong> </p><p><br />Alex talks with 9/11 truth activist <strong>Greg Hoover </strong>who is suing Glenn Beck, the producers of the Glenn Beck program, and the Fox News Channel for attempting to link truth activists to white supremacist and accused Holocaust museum shooter James von Brunn. Hoover&#39;s complaint also cites Beck&#39;s October 22, 2007, statement that the 9/11 truth movement consists of &quot;dangerous&quot; &quot;anarchists&quot; who deny the Holocaust and are &quot;the kind of group that Timothy McVeigh would come from.&quot; <br /><br />Alex also talks with <strong>Thomas Woods,</strong> author <strong>of <em>Meltdown: A Free-Market Look at Why the Stock Market Collapsed, the Economy Tanked, and Government Bailouts Will Make Things Worse</em>.</strong> Alex covers the news of the day and takes your calls. </p><p><br /><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/listennow.png" border="0" alt="Listen now" width="25" height="25" align="absMiddle" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/stream.pls"><strong>Listen Now</strong></a> <img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/icon_wm.gif" alt="Windows Media " width="21" height="24" align="absMiddle" /> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/infowars.asx" target="_blank"><strong>Windows Media</strong></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/audit+the+Federal+Reserve" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'audit the Federal Reserve'">audit the Federal Reserve</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/off-shore+banks" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'off-shore banks'">off-shore banks</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/EU" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'EU'">EU</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Switzerland" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Switzerland'">Switzerland</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Vatican+City" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Vatican City'">Vatican City</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/London+City" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'London City'">London City</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Washington+D.C." rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Washington D.C.'">Washington D.C.</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/gated+guarded+compounds" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'gated guarded compounds'">gated guarded compounds</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/mortal+conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'mortal conscience'">mortal conscience</a> </p> The Cyclic Redundancy of Order out of Chaos out of Order . . . http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-273863 Mon, 08 Jun 2009 00:13:21 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/the-cyclic-redundancy-of-order-out-of-chaos-out-of-order <p><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px" class="Apple-style-span"><h1 style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 135%; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 130%; margin: 0px" class="subheadlinemain"><a style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 24.13px; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none" rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/the-new-world-order-wants-the-new-world-order-to-fail-order-out-of-attacking-the-new-world-order/" title="Permanent Link to The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order">The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order</a></h1><h1 style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 135%; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 130%; margin: 0px" class="subheadlinemain"><br /></h1><div class="tagline" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; width: 300px; padding: 0px"><strong>Jeffrey Grupp</strong><br />Infowars<br />June 7, 2009</div><blockquote><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&ldquo;Countless people will hate the New World Order and will die protesting against it.&rdquo;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&mdash;H.G. Wells,&nbsp;<em>The New World Order</em>&nbsp;(1939) (cited at the beginning of&nbsp;<em>Endgame</em>&nbsp;by Alex Jones)</p></blockquote><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="366" align="right"><tbody><tr><td height="16"><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/onepixel.gif" alt="featured stories The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order" title="The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order Photo" height="16" /></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td width="16">&nbsp;</td><td width="350"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/hg-wells.jpg" border="1" alt="H.G. Wells" title="The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order Photo" width="350" height="457" /></td></tr><tr><td height="8">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td height="8">&nbsp;</td><td class="photo-caption" width="350" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: #333333; font-weight: bold; line-height: 120%">H.G. Wells</td></tr><tr><td height="8">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">Why did H.G. Wells make this prediction? Did this insider know something about the secret plan for the future, and about how the social transformation of the world of the future would take place? Here&rsquo;s a quick answer to that question, and which will summarize what this article is about:<em>Alex Jones once said that The New World Order gets stronger if you attack it, and you only kill it if you attack its very inner hidden core, otherwise it expands and gets more powerful</em>. That is what this article is about: the formula that The New World Order uses to rule the world is to lure the people into attacking The New World Order, wherein it grows and becomes more powerful: order out of chaos, and order out of attacking the New World Order. This is currently commencing on a global scale, and it is going to be used to create the Brave New World that the New World Order is setting up.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">The New World Order uses this formula to carry out order out of chaos. For example, why did the New World Order build up the Nazis, advertise their savagery to the world, wherein they were consequently attacked, and where the chaos of that attack (which was World War II) led to tremendous changes to the world that helped The New World Order? Because this is the way the New World Order works: they quietly rob from the people, using the wealth to quietly build up all the parts of itself, then they advertise the cruelty of a few of their sub-sets, and expectedly the people attack those sub-sets of the New World Order. But the attacks were pre-planned to be attacks that would lead to further escalation of the power of the New World Order. For example, out of the planned chaos of World War II came the United Nations (which is dominated by the war-causing, most heavily militarized nations of the world), the CIA, Truman&rsquo;s &ldquo;Mental Health Act&rdquo;, the Pentagon, and so on &mdash; all things critical to the current state of the world we are in that is dominated by The New World Order.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">This is the formula of the New World Order: lure the people into attacking The New World Order (chaos), and use that chaos to engineer a greater and greater power for the New World Order:&nbsp;<em>order out of chaos</em>, or, what I will call in this article,&nbsp;<em>order out of attacking the New World Order</em>. Below is a diagram of this five-step formula that repeats and comprises world history (in this diagram &ldquo;fNWO&rdquo; stands for&nbsp;<em>fake New World Order</em>, or&nbsp;<em>false New World Order</em>, or a&nbsp;<em>fragment of the New World Order</em>, which becomes the public image of the New World Order, but which is only a microcosm of the New World Order, and thus a straw man New World Order, not really the actual one that dominates the world):</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/order-chart.jpg" alt="Order" title="The New World Order Wants the New World Order to Fail: Order Out of Attacking the New World Order Photo" /></p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">This diagram is the story of history. This is a diagram about &ldquo;order out of chaos&rdquo;, or, more specifically,&nbsp;<em>order out of attacking the New World Order</em>. Again, as Alex Jones said: the New World Order is like a black hole, attracting or drawing everything into it as it expands, growing by that destruction and chaos, turning everything into itself (my paraphrase). It is like a forest fire, raging violently through everything, destroying everything in its path, getting larger and larger, and turning everything into itself (into fire).</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">The New World Order does this either in just parts of the world, to therefore just change part of the world, or they can carry out larger projects and, for example, implement this five-step process illustrated in the diagram&nbsp;<em>globally</em>, bringing the entire world into chaos, and thus changing the entire world through the chaos. This formula &mdash;&nbsp;<em>order out of attacking the New World Order</em>&nbsp;&mdash; is currently being implemented on a global scale; we are in the very early stages.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">To do this, the New World Order must get you to believe that The New World Order (or, more specifically, a fragment of it, and/or a distorted, inaccurate picture of it, fNWO) is savage, is a threat to you, and must be attacked by you. This is what al-Qaeda is all about, for example (the real al-Qaeda, not the semi-real one that we are told about on TV [actually they&nbsp;<em>do</em>often tell us about the real al-Qaeda on TV in a hidden way, e.g., &ldquo;they are a cult of evil&rdquo;, as Bush once said, but the average person has no idea that this is the case]). al-Qaeda is a creation of the New World Order, exemplifying all New World Order qualities, existing as a microcosm of what the New World Order is: a murderous, secret, satanic cult that &ldquo;hates our freedom&rdquo; (our Constitutionalism, that is), and which thrives off of tears, as George Bush put it once. So, this microcosm or fragment of the New World Order, created by the New World Order, was advertised as being something cruel and which needed to be attacked immediately after 9/11, where this attack empowered the New World Order so much, that it is really the single item they have prospered off of which has taken them to the brink of setting up their Brave New World that they have been planning for so long.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">Before I proceed with the meat of this article, I&rsquo;d like to say that I hope Infowars readers don&rsquo;t avoid this article because it is long and technical. This article is the product of many hours and months of thought on my part, and it is my attempt to bring to you the biggest possible picture of what is going on now, and which has gone on in the past. We need to understand what is going on complexly, on deep levels; and I think this article gets us to go a bit deeper.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">I&rsquo;d like to sum up the New World Order formula in different words:</p><blockquote><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">1 .The New World Order wants the current world-system destroyed to set up their intended new system (their Huxleyan and/or Orwellian world government),</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">2. The New World Order wants the current system destroyed through massive suffering worldwide and through ultra-violent social transformation,</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">3. 1 and 2 will be done by the New World Order partially revealing itself (but it will only reveal the lower levels of itself and/or the parts of itself&nbsp;<em>that it needs to transform and/or destroy</em>: some of the mega-corporations, the police forces, national government systems, national militaries of the world, and most of all, select commercial banks and reserve banks, etc. For example,&nbsp;<a style="color: #003366; text-decoration: underline" href="http://www.infowars.com/germany-blasts-powers-of-the-fed/">see this recent story of a major world leader &ldquo;surprisingly&rdquo; coming out and &ldquo;agreeing&rdquo; with the people that the central banks of the world are bad</a>. This amazing story makes my recent &ldquo;Infowars story,&nbsp;<a style="color: #003366; text-decoration: underline" href="http://www.infowars.com/the-end-the-fed-protests-are-the-secret-road-to-world-government/">&ldquo;&lsquo;End the Fed&rsquo; Protests are the Secret Road to World Government&rdquo;</a>, far more credible, and far less speculative than I think many originally presumed),</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">4. The citizens will respond by attacking and destroying these lower aspects of the New World Order system which they will be shown on TV, and which will be erroneously portrayed as being the base-cause of their suffering (but which are actually just the lower- and puppet-levels of the real cause of suffering: the New World Order),</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">5. The New World Order will have the fragments and parts of their system that they want destroyed indeed decimated through spectacular suffering and violence</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">6. The New World Order will &ldquo;save the people&rdquo; and build up a new world society (their Brave New World) that they really wanted all along out of this chaos: out of the order out of chaos, or, more specifically, out of the order out of attacking the New World Order</p></blockquote><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">We are currently at the early stage of steps 3 and 4. This is a clever plan that the blind mob of American TV-addicted people will, it seems, never figure out, I am sad to say. Instead, they will just go along with the system until the system pushes them into unproductive revolt (step 5), and they will thoughtlessly and reactionistically revolt against the puppet-level system that the New World Order wants destroyed, thus helping the New World Order set up their Brave New World.</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px"><a href="www.infowars.com">read the rest</a>&nbsp;. . .</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;______________________________________</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;<span style="color: #333355; font-family: 'Arial Black'; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px" class="Apple-style-span">TODAY ON THE ALEX JONES SHOW</span></p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15px" class="Apple-style-span"><ul class="sidebarphotobox" style="list-style-type: none; float: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px"><li style="list-style-type: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/alex-bw.jpg" alt="Luke Rudkowski" width="95" height="100" /></li></ul><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px">Listen to the&nbsp;<strong>Sunday Edition</strong>&nbsp;of Alex&#39;s nationally syndicated broadcast, a round-up of the week past and the one ahead from 4:00 &mdash; 6:00 PM CST.&nbsp;</p><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/listennow.png" border="0" alt="Listen now" width="25" height="25" align="absmiddle" />&nbsp;<a style="color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/stream.pls"><strong>Listen Now</strong></a>&nbsp;<img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/icon_wm.gif" alt="Windows Media " align="absmiddle" />&nbsp;<a style="color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/infowars.asx" target="_blank"><strong>Windows Media</strong></a></span><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-size: 18px; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px">..</p></span></div></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/wake+up" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'wake up'">wake up</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/your+psychology+is+the+twist" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'your psychology is the twist'">your psychology is the twist</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/own+your+life" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'own your life'">own your life</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/better+dead+than+led" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'better dead than led'">better dead than led</a> </p> Just in Case You Missed This One. http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-273098 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 03:03:37 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/just-in-case-you-missed-this-one <p><p><br /><a rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/daniel-estulins-true-story-of-the-bilderberg-group-and-what-they-may-be-planning-now/" title="Permanent Link to Daniel Estulin's ">Daniel Estulin&#39;s &quot;True Story of the Bilderberg Group&quot; and What They May Be Planning Now </a><br /><br />infowars.com<br /><br />For over 14 years, Daniel Estulin has investigated and researched the Bilderberg Group&#39;s far-reaching influence on business and finance, global politics, war and peace, and control of the world&#39;s resources and its money.</p><p>His book, &quot;The True Story of the Bilderberg Group,&quot; was published in 2005 and is now updated in a new 2009 edition. He states that in 1954, &quot;the most powerful men in the world met for the first time&quot; in Oosterbeek, Netherlands, &quot;debated the future of the world,&quot; and decided to meet annually in secret. They called themselves the Bilderberg Group with a membership representing a who&#39;s who of world power elites, mostly from America, Canada, and Western Europe with familiar names like David Rockefeller, Henry Kissinger, Bill Clinton, Gordon Brown, Angela Merkel, Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke, Larry Summers, Tim Geithner, Lloyd Blankfein, George Soros, Donald Rumsfeld, Rupert Murdoch, other heads of state, influential senators, congressmen and parliamentarians, Pentagon and NATO brass, members of European royalty, selected media figures, and invited others - some quietly by some accounts like Barack Obama and many of his top officials.</p><p>Always well represented are top figures from the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), IMF, World Bank, Trilateral Commission, EU, and powerful central bankers from the Federal Reserve, the ECB&#39;s Jean-Claude Trichet, and Bank of England&#39;s Mervyn King.</p><p>For over half a century, no agenda or discussion topics became public nor is any press coverage allowed. The few invited fourth estate attendees and their bosses are sworn to secrecy. Nonetheless, Estulin undertook &quot;an investigative journey&quot; that became his life&#39;s work. He states:</p><p>&quot;Slowly, one by one, I have penetrated the layers of secrecy surrounding the Bilderberg Group, but I could not have done this withot help of &lsquo;conscientious objectors&#39; from inside, as well as outside, the Group&#39;s membership.&quot; As a result, he keeps their names confidential.</p><p>Whatever its early mission, the Group is now &quot;a shadow world government....threaten(ing) to take away our right to direct our own destinies (by creating) a disturbing reality&quot; very much harming the public&#39;s welfare. In short, Bilderbergers want to supplant individual nation-state sovereignty with an all-powerful global government, corporate controlled, and check-mated by militarized enforcement.</p><p>&quot;Imagine a private club where presidents, prime ministers, international bankers and generals rub shoulders, where gracious royal chaperones ensure everyone gets along, and where the people running the wars, markets, and Europe (and America) say what they never dare say in public.&quot;</p><p>Early in its history, Bilderbergers decided &quot;to create an &lsquo;Aristocracy of purpose&#39; between Europe and the United States (to reach consensus to rule the world on matters of) policy, economics, and (overall) strategy.&quot; NATO was essential for their plans - to ensure &quot;perpetual war (and) nuclear blackmail&quot; to be used as necessary. Then proceed to loot the planet, achieve fabulous wealth and power, and crush all challengers to keep it.</p><p>Along with military dominance, controlling the world&#39;s money is crucial for with it comes absolute control as the powerful 19th century Rothschild family understood. As the patriarch Amschel Rothschild once said: &quot;Give me control of a nation&#39;s money and I care not who makes its laws.&quot;</p><p>Bilderbergers comprise the world&#39;s most exclusive club. No one buys their way in. Only the Group&#39;s Steering Committee decides whom to invite, and in all cases participants are adherents to One World Order governance run by top power elites.</p><p>According to Steering Committee rules:</p><p>&quot;the invited guests must come alone; no wives, girlfriends, husbands or boyfriends. Personal assistants (meaning security, bodyguards, CIA or other secret service protectors) cannot attend the conference and must eat in a separate hall. (Also) The guests are explicitly forbidden from giving interviews to journalists&quot; or divulge anything that goes on in meetings.</p><p>Host governments provide overall security to keep away outsiders. One-third of attendees are political figures. The others are from industry, finance, academia, labor and communications.</p><p>Meeting procedure is by Chatham House Rules letting attendees freely express their views in a relaxed atmosphere knowing nothing said will be quoted or revealed to the public. Meetings &quot;are always frank, but do not always conclude with consensus.&quot;</p><p>Membership consists of annual attendees (around 80 of the world&#39;s most powerful) and others only invited occasionally because of their knowledge or involvement in relevant topics. Those most valued are asked back, and some first-timers are chosen for their possible later usefulness.</p><p>Arkansas governor Bill Clinton, for example, who attended in 1991. &quot;There, David Rockefeller told (him) why the North American Free Trade Agreement....was a Bilderberg priority and that the group needed him to support it. The next year, Clinton was elected president,&quot; and on January 1, 1994 NAFTA took effect. Numerous other examples are similar, including who gets chosen for powerful government, military and other key positions.</p><p><strong>Bilderberg Objectives</strong></p><p>The Group&#39;s grand design is for &quot;a One World Government (World Company) with a single, global marketplace, policed by one world army, and financially regulated by one &lsquo;World (Central) Bank&#39; using one global currency.&quot; Their &quot;wish list&quot; includes:</p><p>- &quot;one international identify (observing) one set of universal values;&quot;</p><p>- centralized control of world populations by &quot;mind control;&quot; in other words, controlling world public opinion;</p><p>- a New World Order with no middle class, only &quot;rulers and servants (serfs),&quot; and, of course, no democracy;</p><p>- &quot;a zero-growth society&quot; without prosperity or progress, only greater wealth and power for the rulers;</p><p>- manufactured crises and perpetual wars;</p><p>- absolute control of education to program the public mind and train those chosen for various roles;</p><p>- &quot;centralized control of all foreign and domestic policies;&quot; one size fits all globally;</p><p>- using the UN as a de facto world government imposing a UN tax on &quot;world citizens;&quot;</p><p>- expanding NAFTA and WTO globally;</p><p>- making NATO a world military;</p><p>- imposing a universal legal system; and<br />- a global &quot;welfare state where obedient slaves will be rewarded and non-conformists targeted for extermination.&quot;</p><p><strong>Secret Bilderberg Partners</strong></p><p>In the US, the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is dominant. One of its 1921 founders, Edward Mandell House, was Woodrow Wilson&#39;s chief advisor and rumored at the time to be the nation&#39;s real power from 1913 - 1921. On his watch, the Federal Reserve Act passed in December 1913 giving money creation power to bankers, and the 16th Amendment was ratified in February creating the federal income tax to provide a revenue stream to pay for government debt service.</p><p>From its beginnings, CFR was committed to &quot;a one-world government based on a centralized global financing system....&quot; Today, CFR has thousands of influential members (including important ones in the corporate media) but keeps a low public profile, especially regarding its real agenda.</p><p>Historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. called it a &quot;front organization (for) the heart of the American Establishment.&quot; It meets privately and only publishes what it wishes the public to know. Its members are only Americans.</p><p>The Trilateral Commission (discussed below) is a similar group that &quot;brings together global power brokers.&quot; Founded by David Rockefeller, he&#39;s also a leading Bilderberger and CFR Chairman Emeritus, organizations he continues to finance and support.</p><p>Their past and current members reflect their power:</p><p>- nearly all presidential candidates of both parties;</p><p>- leading senators and congressmen;</p><p>- key members of the fourth estate and their bosses; and<br />- top officials of the FBI, CIA, NSA, defense establishment, and other leading government agencies, including state, commerce, the judiciary and treasury.</p><p>For its part, &quot;CFR has served as a virtual employment agency for the federal government under both Democrats and Republicans.&quot; Whoever occupies the White House, &quot;CFR&#39;s power and agenda&quot; have been unchanged since its 1921 founding.</p><p>It advocates a global superstate with America and other nations sacrificing their sovereignty to a central power. CFR founder Paul Warburg was a member of Roosevelt&#39;s &quot;brain trust.&quot; In 1950, his son, James, told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee: &quot;We shall have world government whether or not you like it - by conquest or consent.&quot;</p><p>Later at the 1992 Bilderberg Group meeting, Henry Kissinger said:</p><p>&quot;Today, Americans would be outraged if UN troops entered Los Angeles to restore order; tomorrow, they will be grateful. This is especially true if they were told there was an outside threat from beyond, whether real or promulgated, that threatened our very existence. It is then that all people of the world will plead with world leaders to deliver them from this evil....individual rights will be willingly relinquished for the guarantee of their well-being granted to them by their world government.&quot;</p><p>CFR planned a New World Order before 1942, and the &quot;UN began with a group of CFR members called the Informal Agenda Group.&quot; They drafted the original UN proposal, presented it to Franklin Roosevelt who announced it publicly the next day. At its 1945 founding, CFR members comprised over 40 of the US delegates.</p><p>According to Professor G. William Domhoff, author of Who Rules America, the CFR operates in &quot;small groups of about twenty-five, who bring together leaders from the six conspirator categories (industrialists, financiers, ideologues, military, professional specialists - lawyers, medical doctors, etc. - and organized labor) for detailed discussions of specific topics in the area of foreign affairs.&quot; Domhoff added:</p><p>&quot;The Council on Foreign Relations, while not financed by government, works so closely with it that it is difficult to distinguish Council action stimulated by government from autonomous actions. (Its) most important sources of income are leading corporations and major foundations.&quot; The Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Ford Foundations to name three, and they&#39;re directed by key corporate officials.</p><p><strong>Dominant Media Partners</strong></p><p>Former CBS News president Richard Salant (1961 - 64 and 1966 - 79) explained the major media&#39;s role: &quot;Our job is to give people not what they want, but what we decide they ought to have.&quot;</p><p>CBS and other media giants control everything we see, hear and read - through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, films, and large portions of the Internet. Their top officials and some journalists attend Bilderberg meetings - on condition they report nothing.</p><p>The Rockefeller family wields enormous power, even though its reigning patriarch, David, will be 94 on June 12 and surely near the end of his dominance. However, for years &quot;the Rockefellers (led by David) gained great influence over the media. (With it) the family gained sway over public opinion. With the pulse of public opinion, they gained deep influence in politics. And with this politics of subtle corruption, they are taking control of the nation&quot; and now aim for total world domination.</p><p>The Bilderberger-Rockefeller scheme is to make their views &quot;so appealing (by camouflaging them) that they become public policy (and can) pressure world leaders into submitting to the &lsquo;needs of the Masters of the Universe.&#39; &quot; The &quot;free world press&quot; is their instrument to disseminate &quot;agreed-upon propaganda.&quot;</p><p>CFR Cabinet Control</p><p>&quot;The National Security Act of 1947 established the office of Secretary of Defense.&quot; Since then, 14 DOD secretaries have been CFR members.</p><p>Since 1940, every Secretary of State, except James Byrnes, has been a CFR member and/or Trilateral Commission (TC) one.</p><p>For the past 80 years, &quot;Virtually every key US National Security and Foreign Policy Advisor has been a CFR member.</p><p>Nearly all top generals and admirals have been CFR members.</p><p>Many presidential candidates were/are CFR members, including Herbert Hoover, Adlai Stevenson, Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter (also a charter TC member), George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, John Kerry, and John McCain.</p><p>Numerous CIA directors were/are CFR members, including Richard Helmes, James Schlesinger, William Casey, William Webster, Robert Gates, James Woolsey, John Deutsch, George Tenet, Porter Goss, Michael Hayden, and Leon Panetta.</p><p>Many Treasury Secretaries were/are CFR members, including Douglas Dillon, George Schultz, William Simon, James Baker, Nicholas Brady, Lloyd Bentsen, Robert Rubin, Henry Paulson, and Tim Geithner.</p><p>When presidents nominate Supreme Court candidates, the CFR&#39;s &quot;Special Group, Secret Team&quot; or advisors vet them for acceptability. Presidents, in fact, are told who to appoint, including designees to the High Court and most lower ones.</p><p><strong>Programming the Public Mind</strong></p><p>According to sociologist Hadley Cantril in his 1967 book, The Human Dimension - Experiences in Policy Research:</p><p>Government &quot;Psycho-political operations are propaganda campaigns designed to create perpetual tension and to manipulate different groups of people to accept the particular climate of opinion the CFR seeks to achieve in the world.&quot;</p><p>Canadian writer Ken Adachi (1929 - 1989) added:</p><p>&quot;What most Americans believe to be &lsquo;Public Opinion&#39; is in reality carefully crafted and scripted propaganda designed to elicit a desired behavioral response from the public.&quot;</p><p>And noted Australian academic and activist Alex Carey (1922 - 1988) explained the three most important 20th century developments - &quot;The growth of democracy, the growth of corporate power, and the growth of corporate propaganda as a means of protecting corporate power against democracy.&quot;</p><p><strong>Web of Control</strong></p><p>Numerous think tanks, foundations, the major media, and other key organizations are staffed with CFR members. Most of its life-members also belong to the TC and Bilderberg Group, operate secretly, and wield enormous power over US and world affairs.</p><p>The Rockefeller-Founded Trilateral Commission (TC)</p><p>On page 405 of his Memoirs, David Rockfeller wrote:</p><p>&quot;Some even believe we are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States characterizing my family and me as &lsquo;internationalists&#39; and conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure - one world, if you will. If that&#39;s the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it.&quot;</p><p>In alliance with Bilderbergers, the TC also &quot;plays a vital role in the New World Order&#39;s scheme to use wealth, concentrated in the hands of the few, to exert world control.&quot; TC members share common views and all relate to total unchallengeable global dominance.Founded in 1973 and headquartered in Washington, its powerful US, EU and East Asian members seek its operative founding goal - a &quot;New International Economic Order,&quot; now simply a &quot;New World Order&quot; run by global elites from these three parts of the world with lesser members admitted from other countries. </p><p>According to TC&#39;s web site, &quot;each regional group has a chairman and deputy chairman, who all together constitute the leadership of the Committee. The Executive Committee draws together a further 36 individuals from the wider membership,&quot; proportionately representing the US, EU, and East Asia in its early years, now enlarged to be broadly global.</p><p>Committee members meet several times annually to discuss and coordinate their work. The Executive Committee chooses members, and at any time around 350 belong for a three-year renewable period. Everyone is a consummate insider with expertise in business, finance, politics, the military, or the media, including past presidents, secretaries of state, international bankers, think tank and foundation executives, university presidents and selected academics, and former senators and congressmen, among others.</p><p>Although its annual reports are available for purchase, its inner workings, current goals, and operations are secret - with good reason. Its objectives harm the public so mustn&#39;t be revealed. Trilaterals over Washington author Antony Sutton wrote:</p><p>&quot;this group of private citizens is precisely organized in a manner that ensures its collective views have significant impact on public policy.&quot;</p><p>In her book, Trilateralism: The Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management, Holly Sklar wrote:</p><p>Powerful figures in America, Europe, and East Asia let &quot;the rich....safeguard the interests of Western capitalism in an explosive world - probably by discouraging protectionism, nationalism, or any response that would pit the elites of one against the elites of another,&quot; in their common quest for global dominance.</p><p>Trilateralist Zbigniew Brzezinski (TC&#39;s co-founder) wrote in his Between Two Ages - America&#39;s Role in the Technotronic Era:</p><p>&quot;people, governments and economies of all nations must serve the needs of multinational banks and corporations. (The Constitution is) inadequate....the old framework of international politics, with their sphere of influence....the fiction of sovereignty....is clearly no longer compatible with reality....&quot;</p><p>TC today is now global with members from countries as diverse as Argentina, Ukraine, Israel, Jordan, Brazil, Turkey, China and Russia. In his Trilaterals Over America, Antony Sutton believes that TC&#39;s aim is to collaborate with Bilderbergers and CFR in &quot;establishing public policy objectives to be implemented by governments worldwide.&quot; He added that &quot;Trilateralists have rejected the US Constitution and the democratic political process.&quot; In fact, TC was established to counter a &quot;crisis in democracy&quot; - too much of it that had to be contained.</p><p>An official TC report was fearful about &quot;the increased popular participation in and control over established social, political, and economic institutions and especially a reaction against the concentration of power of Congress and of state and local government.&quot;</p><p>To address this, media control was essential to exert &quot;restraint on what newspapers may publish (and TV and radio broadcast).&quot; Then according to Richard Gardner in the July 1974 issue of Foreign Affairs (a CFR publication):</p><p>CFR&#39;s leadership must make &quot;an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece,&quot; until the very notion disappears from public discourse.</p><p>Bilderberg/CFR/Trilateralist success depends on finding &quot;a way to get us to surrender our liberties in the name of some common threat or crisis. The foundations, educational institutions, and research think tanks supported by (these organizations) oblige by financing so-called &#39;studies&#39; which are then used to justify their every excess. The excuses vary, but the target is always individual liberty. Our liberty&quot; and much more.</p><p>Bilderbergers, Trilateralists and CFR members want &quot;an all-encompassing monopoly&quot; - over government, money, industry, and property that&#39;s &quot;self-perpetuating and eternal.&quot; In Confessions of a Monopolist (1906), Frederick C. Howe explained its workings in practice:</p><p>&quot;The rules of big business: Get a monopoly; let Society work for you. So long as we see all international revolutionaries and all international capitalists as implacable enemies of one another, then we miss a crucial point....a partnership between international monopoly capitalism and international revolutionary socialism is for their mutual benefit.&quot;</p><p>In the Rockefeller File, Gary Allen wrote:</p><p>&quot;By the late nineteenth century, the inner sanctums of Wall Street understood that the most efficient way to gain a monopoly was to say it was for the &lsquo;public good&#39; and &lsquo;public interest.&#39; &quot;</p><p>David Rockefeller learned the same thing from his father, John D., Jr. who learned it from his father, John D. Sr. They hated competition and relentlessly strove to eliminate it - for David on a global scale through a New World Order.</p><p>In the 1970s and 1980s, Trilateralists and CFR members collaborated on the latter&#39;s &quot;1980 Project,&quot; the largest ever CFR initiative to steer world events &quot;toward a particular desirable future outcome (involving) the utter disintegration of the economy.&quot; Why so is the question?</p><p>Because by the 1950s and 1960s, worldwide industrial growth meant more competition. It was also a model to be followed, and &quot;had to be strangled in the cradle&quot; or at least greatly contained. In America as well beginning in the 1980s. The result has been a transfer of wealth from the poor to the rich, shrinkage of the middle class, and plan for its eventual demise.</p><p><strong>The North American Union (NAU)</strong></p><p>The idea emerged during the Reagan administration in the early 1980s. David Rockefeller, George Schultz and Paul Volker told the president that Canada and America could be politically and economically merged over the next 15 years except for one problem - French-speaking Quebec. Their solution - elect a Bilderberg-friendly prime minister, separate Quebec from the other provinces, then make Canada America&#39;s 51st state. It almost worked, but not quite when a 1995 secession referendum was defeated - 50.56% to 49.44%, but not the idea of merger.</p><p>At a March 23, 2005 Waco, Texas meeting, attended by George Bush, Mexico&#39;s Vincente Fox, and Canada&#39;s Paul Martin, the Security and and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) was launched, also known as the North American Union (NAU). It was a secretive Independent Task Force of North America agreement - a group organized by the Canadian Council of Chief Executives (CCCE), the Mexican Council on Foreign Relations, and CFR with the following aims:</p><p>- circumventing the legislatures of three countries and their constitutions;</p><p>- suppressing public knowledge or consideration; and<br />- proposing greater US, Canadian and Mexican economic, political, social, and security integration with secretive working groups formed to devise non-debatable, not voted on agreements to be binding and unchangeable.<br />In short - a corporate coup d&#39;etat against the sovereignty of three nations enforced by hard line militarization to suppress opposition.</p><p>If enacted, it will create a borderless North America, corporate controlled, without barriers to trade or capital flows for business giants, mainly US ones and much more - America&#39;s access to vital resources, especially oil and Canada&#39;s fresh water.</p><p>Secretly, over 300 SPP initiatives were crafted to harmonize the continent&#39;s policies on energy, food, drugs, security, immigration, manufacturing, the environment, and public health along with militarizing three nations for enforcement.</p><p>SPP represents another step toward the Bilderberg/Trilateralist/CFR goal for World Government, taking it one step at a time. A &quot;United Europe&quot; was another, the result of various treaties and economic agreements:</p><p>- the December 1951 six-nation European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC);</p><p>- the March 1957 six-nation Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC);<br />also the European Atomic Energy Commission (EAEC) by a second Treaty of Rome;</p><p>- the October 1957 European Court of Justice to settle regional trade disputes;</p><p>- the May 1960 seven-nation European Free Trade Association (EFTA);</p><p>- the July 1967 European Economic Community (EEC) merging the ECSC, EAEC and EEC together in one organization;</p><p>- the 1968 European Customs Union to abolish duties and establish uniform imports taxing among EEC nations;</p><p>- the 1978 European Currency Unit (ECU);</p><p>- the February 1986 Single European Act revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome; it established the objective of forming a Common Market by December 31, 1992;</p><p>- the February 1992 Maastricht Treaty creating the EU on November 1, 1993; and</p><p>- the name euro was adopted in December 1995; it was introduced in January 1999 replacing the European Currency Unit (ECU); euros began circulating on January 2002; they&#39;re now the official currency of 16 of the 27 EU states.</p><p>Over half a century, the above steps cost EU members their sovereignty &quot;as some 70 to 80 per cent of the laws passed in Europe involve just rubber stamping of regulations already written by nameless bureaucrats in &lsquo;working groups&#39; in Brussels or Luxembourg.&quot;</p><p>The EU and NAU share common features:</p><p>- advocacy from a influential spokesperson;</p><p>- an economic and later political union;</p><p>- hard line security, and for Europe, ending wars on the continent between EU member states;</p><p>- establishment of a collective consciousness in place of nationalism;</p><p>- the blurring of borders and creation of a &quot;supra-government,&quot; a superstate;</p><p>- secretive arrangements to mask real objectives; and</p><p>- the creation of a common currency and eventual global one.</p><p><strong>Steps Toward a North American Union</strong></p><p>- the October 4, 1988 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the US and Canada, finalized the previous year;</p><p>- at the 1991 Bilderberg meeting, David Rockefeller got governor Bill Clinton&#39;s support for NAFTA if he became president;</p><p>- on January 1, 1994, with no debate under &quot;fast-track&quot; rules, Congress approved WTO legislation;</p><p>- in December 1994 at the first Summit of the Americas, 34 Hemispheric leaders committed their nations to a Free Trade of the Americas agreement (FTAA) by 2005 - so far unachieved;</p><p>- on July 4, 2000, Mexican president Vincente Fox called for a North American common market in 20 years;</p><p>- on February 2001, the White House published a joint statement from George Bush and Vincente Fox called the &quot;Guanajuato Proposal;&quot; it was for a US-Canada-Mexico prosperity partnership (aka North American Union);</p><p>- in September 2001, Bush and Fox agreed to a &quot;Partnership for Prosperity Initiative;&quot;</p><p>- the September 11, 2001 attack gave cover to including &quot;security&quot; as part of a future partnership;</p><p>- on October 7, 2001, a CFA meeting highlighted &quot;The Future of North American Integration in the Wake of Terrorist Attacks; for the first time, &quot;security&quot; became part of a future &quot;partnership for prosperity;&quot; also, Canada was to be included in a &quot;North American&quot; agreement;</p><p>- in 2002, the North American Forum on Integration (NAFI) was established in Montreal &quot;to address the issues raised by North American integration as well as identify new ideas and strategies to reinforce the North American region;&quot;</p><p>- in January 2003, the Canadian Council of Chief Executives (CCCE - composed of 150 top CEOs) launched the &quot;North American Security and Prosperity Initiative&quot; calling for continental integration;</p><p>- in April 2004, Canadian prime minister Paul Martin announced the nation&#39;s first ever national security policy called Securing an Open Society;</p><p>- on October 15, 2004, CFR established an Independent Task Force on the Future of North America - for a future continental union;<br />- in March 2005, a CFR report titled Creating a North American Community called for continental integration by 2010 &quot;to enhance, prosperity, and opportunity for all North Americans;&quot; and</p><p>- on March 23, 2005 in Waco, Texas, America, Canada and Mexico leaders launched the Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) - aka North American Union (NAU).</p><p>Secretive negotiations continue. Legislative debate is excluded, and public inclusion and debate are off the table. In May 2005, the CFR Independent Task Force on the Future of North America published a follow-up report titled Building a North American Community - proposing a borderless three-nation union by 2010.</p><p>In June and July 2005, the Dominican Republic - Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) passed the Senate and House establishing corporate-approved trade rules to further impoverish the region and move a step closer to continental integration.</p><p>In March 2006, the North American Competitiveness Council (NACC) was created at the second SPP summit in Cancun, Mexico. Composed of 30 top North American CEOs, it serves as an official trilateral SPP working group.</p><p>Secret business and government meetings continue so there&#39;s no way to confirm SPP&#39;s current status or if Barack Obama is seamlessly continuing George Bush&#39;s agenda. In an earlier article, this writer said:</p><p>SPP efforts paused during the Bush to Obama transition, but &quot;deep integration&quot; plans remain. Canada&#39;s Fraser Institute proposed renaming the initiative the North American Standards and Regulatory Area (NASRA) to disguise its real purpose. It said the &quot;SPP brand&quot; is tarnished so re-branding is essential - to fool the public until it&#39;s too late to matter.</p><p>Bilderbergers, Trilaterists, and CFR leaders back it as another step toward global integration and won&#39;t &quot;stop until the entire world is unified under the auspices and the political umbrella of a One World Company, a nightmarish borderless world run by the world&#39;s most powerful clique&quot; - comprised of key elitist members of these dominant organizations.</p><p>In April 2007, the Transatlantic Economic Council was established between America and the EU to:</p><p>- create an &quot;official international governmental body - by executive fiat;</p><p>- harmonize economic and regulatory objectives;<br />- move toward a Transatlantic Common Market; and</p><p>- a step closer to One World Government run by the world&#39;s most powerful corporate interests.</p><p><strong>Insights into the 2009 Bilderberg Group Meeting</strong></p><p>From May 14 - 17, Bilderbergers held their annual meeting in Vouliagmeni, Greece, and according to Daniel Estulin have dire plans for global economies.</p><p>According to his pre-meeting sources, they&#39;re divided on two alternatives:</p><p>&quot;Either a prolonged, agonizing depression that dooms the world to decades of stagnation, decline and poverty (or) an intense but shorter depression that paves the way for a new sustainable world order, with less sovereignty but more efficiency.&quot;</p><p>Other agenda items included:</p><p>- &quot;the future of the US dollar and US economy;&quot;</p><p>- continued deception about green shoots signaling an end to recession and improving economy later in the year;</p><p>- suppressing the fact that bank stress tests were a sham and were designed for deception, not an accurate assessment of major banks&#39; health;<br />- projecting headlined US unemployment to hit 14% by year end - way above current forecasts and meaning the true number will be double, at minimum, with all uncounted categories included; and</p><p>- a final push to get the Lisbon Treaty passed for pan-European (EU) adoption of neoliberal rules, including greater privatizations, fewer worker rights and social benefits, open border trade favoring developed over emerging states, and greater militarization to suppress civil liberties and human rights.</p><p>After the meeting, Estulin got a 73-page report on what was discussed. He noted that &quot;One of Bilderberg&#39;s primary concerns....is the danger that their zeal to reshape the world by engineering chaos (toward) their long term agenda could cause the situation to spiral out of control and eventually lead to a scenario where Bilderberg and the global elite in general are overwhelmed by events and end up losing their control over the planet.&quot;</p><p>Estulin also noted some considerable disagreement between &quot;hardliners&quot; wanting a &quot;dramatic decline and a severe, short-term depression (versus others) who think that things have gone too far&quot; so that &quot;the fallout from the global economic cataclysm&quot; can&#39;t be known, may be greater than anticipated, and may harm Bilderberger interests. Also, &quot;some European bankers (expressed great alarm over their own fate and called the current) high wire act &lsquo;unsustainable.&#39; &quot;</p><p>There was a combination of agreement and fear that the situation remains dire and the worst of the crisis lies ahead, mainly because of America&#39;s extreme debt level that must be resolved to produce a healthy, sustainable recovery.</p><p>Topics also included:</p><p>- establishing a Global Treasury Department and Global Central Bank, possibly partnered with or as part of the IMF;</p><p>- a global currency;</p><p>- destruction of the dollar through what longtime market analyst Bob Chapman calls &quot;a stealth default on (US) debt by continuing to issue massive amounts of money and credit and in the process devaluing the dollar,&quot; a process he calls &quot;fraud;&quot;</p><p>- a global legal system;<br />- exploiting the Swine Flu scare to create a WHO global department of health; and</p><p>- the overall goal of a global government and the end of national sovereignty.</p><p>In the past, Estulin&#39;s sources proved accurate. Earlier, he predicted the housing crash and 2007 - 2008 financial market decline, preceded by the kind of financial crisis triggered by the Lehman Brothers collapse. Watch for further updates from him as new information leaks out on what the world&#39;s power elites have planned going forward.<br /><br />__________________________________________________________________<br /></p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/daniel+estulin" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'daniel estulin'">daniel estulin</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/need+to+know" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'need to know'">need to know</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/wake+up" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'wake up'">wake up</a> </p> On the Edge with Max Keiser http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-272985 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 05:37:36 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/on-the-edge-with-max-keiser <p><br /><br /> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/80vyWFTlj8A"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/80vyWFTlj8A" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/80vyWFTlj8A" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">On the Edge with Max Keiser - 29 May 2009 (pt 1 of 3)</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_129576" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/2Xxl86vKlIo"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2Xxl86vKlIo" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2Xxl86vKlIo" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">On the Edge with Max Keiser - 29 May 2009 (pt 2 of 3)</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_129577" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/CQ-QwFyqitw"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/CQ-QwFyqitw" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/CQ-QwFyqitw" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">On the Edge with Max Keiser - 29 May 2009 (pt 3 of 3)</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_129578" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/><br />_______________________________________________________________<br /><br /><br /><strong>The Truth About Markets</strong> - London - 30 May 2009 by <a href="http://maxkeiser.com/">stacyherbert</a><br /><br /><p><em>Stacy Summary</em>: We are on the Edirol at the cafe. Topics of conversation: French socialist reaction to ketchup spills; MPs expenses and tax avoidance; Adam Curtis; and we play part of our interview with Michael Hudson.</p><p><a href="http://ia301502.us.archive.org/0/items/MaxKeiserRadio-TheTruthAboutMarkets-30May2009/tam-300509.mp3" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outbound/article/ia301502.us.archive.org');"><br />Download show here</a></p><br /><p>Other download options <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/MaxKeiserRadio-TheTruthAboutMarkets-30May2009" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outbound/article/www.archive.org');">here at Archive dot org</a></p><br /><div align="center"><br /></div><br id="ze_clear_asset_272985" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Iraqi+stock+exchange" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Iraqi stock exchange'">Iraqi stock exchange</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/sovereign+debt+crises" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'sovereign debt crises'">sovereign debt crises</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/currency+volatility" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'currency volatility'">currency volatility</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/a+new+class+war" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'a new class war'">a new class war</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/the+rich+will+never+pay+taxes+again" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'the rich will never pay taxes again'">the rich will never pay taxes again</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/kleptocracy" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'kleptocracy'">kleptocracy</a> </p> Crystal 1, May 30th, 2009 is Blue Crystal Hand. http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-272981 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 03:59:00 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/crystal-1-may-30th-2009-is-blue-crystal-hand <p><br /><br /><p><a href="mailto:eden@13moon.com">eden@13moon.com</a> </p><br /><p>Greetings Family of Light<br /></p><p><strong>Today, Crystal 1, May 30th, 2009 is Blue Crystal Hand.<br />On December 21, 2012, the completion of the 5,125 year cycle<br />of the Ancient Maya, it will also be Blue Crystal Hand.<br /></strong></p><p><br />On the Buddhist calendar, today also marks Buddha Shakyamuni&#39;s Birthday.</p><p>I wanted to send a very quick note out to invite you all to be aware of this and to use today to imprint the most positive energy and vision possible, for right NOW and for the continued unfolding of our nows as we keep spiralling together through the shifting of World Ages...</p><p><br />Tomorrow, Crystal 2, May 31, Yellow Cosmic Star, will mark exactly 1300 days left as we collectively journey through The &quot;Closing of the Cycle.&quot;</p><p>I send unspeakable love to you all, from the heart of my heart.<br />Thank you, deeply, for the work you are all doing in your inner and outer lives to refine and purify yourself as together we keep growing into the shining light of our Truest Nature. May we all keep looking to our heart as our deepest source of guidance of how to navigate these days and these moments...</p><p>And of course, as of today, we have entered the CRYSTAL MOON OF COOPERATION.<br />MOON 12 always correlates to May 30 - June 26.</p><p>This 28-day cycle is also encoded with the focus of: DEDICATION and UNIVERSALIZING. Now that we have liberated and released in the previous 28-day Spectal Moon which we just completed, it is now time to allow everything to come together into a HIGHER ORDER!</p><p>In this process, let us learn in a whole new way what it means to cooperate, not only with each other and the many elements of our lives, but also with our own higher selves so that as much as possible, inside ourselves, we can know we are working to come into our highest alignment.</p><p>The more things come into a higher order, the more &quot;shareable&quot; they are. This Crystal Moon also embodies the power of the CIRCLE in which all kin hold equal place and power. This is why people in 90 countries have &quot;Crystal Day Round-tables&quot; every 13 days when this tone comes around. It&#39;s also because Tone 12, Crystal, is also about reviewing the past and taking stock of where we are at and where we are going. And of course, last but not least, let us contemplate the code &quot;CRYSTAL&quot; and see what insights and clues that may have for us...</p><p>And of course, today, Blue Crystal Hand is called a &quot;Magic turtle day&quot; because the tone of the day and the tone of the month match - it is a DOUBLE CRYSTAL DAY!</p><p>I&#39;ll see you in the one heart as we keep unfolding and flowering together!</p><p><br />In Lak&#39;ech - I am Another Yourself,<br />Eden Sky, Red Self-Existing Skywalker<br /><br />http://www.13moon.com/<br /><br />TIME IS ART!</p><p><br />PS: On Crystal 27, June 25, 2009 Red Crystal Skywalker, I will giving a talk entitled &quot;2012: The Mystery of The Maya&quot; here in my hometown of Portland, Oregon. If any of you are in the area, please join me <a href="http://www.newrenbooks.com/events/june_reg.html#sky">http://www.newrenbooks.com/events/june_reg.html#sky</a></p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/13+moon" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '13 moon'">13 moon</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/infinite+beings+of+light" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'infinite beings of light'">infinite beings of light</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/only+%21ove" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'only !ove'">only !ove</a> </p> Censored Science. Why? http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-272972 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 02:38:33 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/censored-science-why <p><br /><br /> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/sPV-JExUPns"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/sPV-JExUPns" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/sPV-JExUPns" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">Wilhelm Reich and the Orgone Energy</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_129567" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/><br /><br /><br /><div align="center">.</div><br id="ze_clear_asset_272972" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Wilhelm+Reich" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Wilhelm Reich'">Wilhelm Reich</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/orgone+energy" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'orgone energy'">orgone energy</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/burn+therapy" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'burn therapy'">burn therapy</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/knowledge" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'knowledge'">knowledge</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/emergence" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'emergence'">emergence</a> </p> Protest - Friday, May 30, Toronto http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-272965 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:36:36 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/6/protest---friday-may-30-toronto <p><br /><br /><br />Former US presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton were in Toronto Friday. These are scenes from around Metro Convention Centre where they had their talk. <br /><br /><p>Digital Images: <strong><a href="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/09/05/30/">Sam Javanrouh</a></strong><br /><br /><img style="width: 475px; height: 363px" src="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/2009/05/bushclinton_blood-hand-girl_01.jpg" alt="bush and clinton in toronto" title="bush and clinton in toronto" width="475" height="363" /></p><p><br /><img style="width: 474px; height: 353px" src="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/2009/05/bushclinton_masked-woman_omar_01.jpg" alt="bush and clinton in toronto" title="bush and clinton in toronto" width="474" height="353" /></p><p><br /><img style="width: 478px; height: 346px" src="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/2009/05/bushclinton_horse_01.jpg" alt="bush and clinton in toronto" title="bush and clinton in toronto" width="478" height="346" /></p><p><br /><img style="width: 479px; height: 344px" src="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/2009/05/bushclinton_war-criminal_sign_bikes_01.jpg" alt="bush and clinton in toronto" title="bush and clinton in toronto" width="479" height="344" /><br /><br /><img src="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/2009/05/bushclinton_protesters_01.jpg" alt="bush and clinton in toronto" title="bush and clinton in toronto" width="472" height="324" /><br /></p><div align="center">.</div><p><br /><br /><br /><br />&nbsp;</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'conscience'">conscience</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/justice" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'justice'">justice</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/peaceful+action" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'peaceful action'">peaceful action</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/restitution" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'restitution'">restitution</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/atonement" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'atonement'">atonement</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/photojournalism" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'photojournalism'">photojournalism</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/photography%3A+Sam+Javanrouh" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'photography: Sam Javanrouh'">photography: Sam Javanrouh</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/why+the+4th+estate+exists" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'why the 4th estate exists'">why the 4th estate exists</a> </p> The Importance of Accurate Aim http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-272454 Wed, 27 May 2009 21:42:28 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/the-importance-of-accurate-aim <p><br /><br /><strong>Q &gt; </strong><em><strong>Why is journalism the deadliest job on the planet?</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </em><strong>A &gt;&nbsp;</strong><em>&nbsp;</em><em><a href="http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/bilderberg-2009-attendee-list"><em>See </em><em>previous post</em></a><a href="http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/bilderberg_2009_attendee_list">.</a></em><br /><em><br /></em><br /><br /><p><a href="http://www.saveourguns.com/Ar_Marks_Un_Pistol_Train_Guide.pdf"><strong>U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit</strong></a><strong>&nbsp;</strong><a href="http://www.saveourguns.com/Ar_Marks_Un_Pistol_Train_Guide.pdf"><strong>Pistol Marksmanship Training Guide</strong></a><br /><em>&quot;Here is the coveted Pistol Marksmanship Training Guide published by the Army Marksmanship Unit at Fort Benning, Georgia. It is an excellent source of information for the competitive pistol shooter. Because it is a U.S. government publication, it is public domain. I encourage you to explore this </em><a href="http://www.saveourguns.com/Ar_Marks_Un_Pistol_Train_Guide.pdf"><em>entire manual</em></a><em>!&quot;</em></p><br />TABLE OF CONTENTS:<br />FOREWORD<br /><strong>FUNDAMENTALS OF PISTOL MARKSMANSHIP<br /></strong>INTRODUCTION - ELEMENTS OF PISTOL SHOOTING<br />CHAPTER I - ATTAINING A MINIMUM ARC OF MOVEMENT<br />CHAPTER II - SIGHT ALIGNMENT<br />CHAPTER III - TRIGGER CONTROL<br /><p><strong>TECHNIQUES OF FIRE</strong><br />CHAPTER IV - ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM<br />CHAPTER V - SLOW FIRE<br />CHAPTER VI - SUSTAINED FIRE<br />CHAPTER VII - MENTAL DISCIPLINE<br /><strong>COMPETITIVE PHYSICAL FITNESS<br /></strong>CHAPTER VIII - PHYSICAL CONDITIONING<br />CHAPTER IX - DIET AND HEALTH OF THE COMPETITIVE PISTOL SHOOTER<br />CHAPTER X - EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, COFFEE, TOBACCO AND DRUGS<br /><strong>SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION</strong><br />ANNEX II - OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EYE RELEVANT TO SIGHTING<br />GLOSSARY - A GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOUND WITHIN THIS MANUAL<br /><br /><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong><br />The fundamentals of pistol marksmanship embrace all of those physical factors essential to the firing of an accurate shot. Accuracy, in this sense, assumes that the weapon is zeroed, that a high degree of inherent accuracy exists in both the weapon and the ammunition, and that the firing is taking place under ideal conditions.</p><p align="left">Essentially, accurate shooting with a pistol requires no elements other than those described in the following sentence: <strong>ALIGN THE SIGHTS PROPERLY ON THAT PART OF THE TARGET REQUIRED</strong><strong>&nbsp; FOR YOUR GROUP TO CENTER IN THE TARGET AREA AND CAUSE THE HAMMER TO FALL WITHOUT DISTURBING THAT ALIGNMENT. All elements of pistol shooting such as position, grip, sight </strong>alignment, breath control, trigger control, physical condition, and psychology of shooting, when perfected,</p><p align="left">simply enables the shooter to perform the action described in the above key sentence. In order for a shot to be accurate, it is first necessary to make sure that the pistol will be held as motionless as it is possible to do so during the time that the shot is being fired. The stance assumed by the shooter must provide the greatest stability possible for both the shooter&#39;s body and the weapon. To obtain a minimum arc of movement the shooter must give the pistol a definite stability of direction.</p><p align="left">Proper body position points the pistol directly toward the target with no tendency tdrift or move to either side. Likewise, the vertical movement of the pistol is confined to the aiming area. Breathing is accompanied by the rhythmic movement of the chest, and in order to keep the pistol as immobile as possible the shooter must hold his breath for the length of time required to deliver an accurate shot. To obtain correct sight alignment, it is necessary for the shooter to grip the pistol in a manner which</p><p align="left">guarantees that he is holding the pistol firmly and that trigger pressure is applied&nbsp; straight to the rear. The delicate balance of sight alignment and minimum arc of movement can be easily disturbed if the trigger is activated in a manner which causes excess movement. However, since the shooter cannot achieve</p><p align="left">complete immobility when assuming the stance and position, the trigger has to be pressed during some movement of the pistol. In order to deliver an accurate shot within his ability to hold, the shooter must not only press the trigger evenly, but he must to so with correct sight alignment. The size of the shot group will, therefore, not exceed the dimensions of the arc of movement, provided the shot breaks as a surprise and no reflex action of muscles disturbs the delivery of the shot.</p><p align="left">To help the shooter acquire the necessary knowledge to master all the factors that control his shooting we shall analyze In detail each separate element of accurate shooting - stance, position, grip, holding the breath, sight alignment, and control of the trigger. Also included will be certain methods of training that will accelerate the shooter&#39;s development into a champion pistol shot. This status is achieved only after the shooter has mastered the technique of executing the fundamentals.</p><strong><p align="left"><br />Chapter I</p></strong><p align="left"><em>Attaining a Minimum Arc of Movement</em></p><p align="left">It is necessary during firing to press the trigger under varying conditions of pistol movement in conjunction&nbsp; with correct sight alignment. In order to apply coordinated pressure on the trigger, the shooter must wait for those very definite times when all control factors are optimum and firing conditions become favorable.</p><p align="left">The rule that must be observed as the first step in attaining control of your shooting is: &quot;You must never attempt to fire until you have completely settled into a minimum arc of movement. &quot;</p><p align="left">In order to learn how to fire a shot at the proper time, the shooter must make analysis of the time needed to settle and the duration of the minimum arc of movement.</p><p align="left">The entire system, consisting of the shooter&#39;s body and the pistol, always undergoes a degree of movement. This is sometimes a pulsating, swaying or erratic arc of movement during aiming and firing a shot. The cause of this movement aside from conditions such as weather, is the action of the muscles</p><p align="left">maintaining the shooter&#39;s body in a definite position. Other action such as blood pulsation, causes movement of individual parts of the shooter&#39;s body and the pistol. The nature and extent of the arc of movement changes within the time being devoted to delivering a shot. For example, when the shooter is first getting his sight alignment and has not yet had time to settle his body and pistol, the extent of the</p><p align="left">movement is relatively great. As the body becomes balanced and the aiming is more precise, the arc of movement minimizes. After a certain length of time, the minimum arc of movement begins to increase, because the muscles begin to fatigue, and the shooter does not have enough air in his lungs to continue holding his breath. If we record the arc of movement, we will see a wavelike line with varying amplitude of</p><p align="left">oscillation (Figure 1-1).</p><strong><p align="left"><br />Figure 1-1. Basic Scheme of Minimum Arc of Movement.</p></strong><p align="left">It is obvious that under such circumstances the shooter must begin his smooth pressure on the trigger while not devoting too much attention to the arc of movement as long as it remains at the minimum.</p><p align="left">Continue to apply pressure on the trigger and intensely concentrate on keeping the sights in alignment.</p><p align="left">The resulting five to seven second period is the most favorable time for firing an accurate shot.</p><p align="left">Taking into consideration the direct relationship between accuracy of shooting and the degree of immobility of the pistol when the shot is being delivered, the marksman must give greatest consideration to the selection of a stance, a position, a grip, and a means of breath control which will guarantee the greatest stability to both the pistol and the body. The relatively small degree of movement thus obtained</p><p align="left">provides a stable foundation, permitting use of the other fundamentals.</p><strong><p align="left"><br />A. THE STANCE.</p></strong><p align="left">The excellence of the stance is a major factor in creating conditions for maximum control. A high degree of control is necessary for the delivery of an accurate shot. Every individual possesses a combination of individual characteristics that are peculiar to him alone. Among these are height, weight, proportion of body, development of muscle system, etc. It follows, then, that there cannot be any definite, all-purpose stance which applies equally to all shooters. Therefore, the shooter himself, on the basis of his own particular configurations, must find the variation of stance which provides the greatest degree of stability</p><p align="left">for his body.</p><p align="left">1. The Main Requirements of the Stance: The assumed stance is the position of the human body to support a pistol aimed at a target. Despite the great number of physical differences encountered in any cross-section of shooters, the stance must provide for:</p><p align="left">a. The greatest possible degree of equilibrium and stability in the body-weapon system with the least possible strain on the shooter&#39;s muscles.</p><p align="left">b. A head position which will allow for the most efficient use of the shooter&#39;s eyes throughout the sighting and aiming process.</p><p align="left">Throughout the process of training it is necessary, therefore, for the shooter to exercise special care in the selection of a stance. The development of a poor stance should be detected and corrected early in the training program. Otherwise, it may require the breaking of deeply ingrained habits later.</p><p align="left">Considering the role played by the muscles, bones and ligaments in the creation of stability in the shooter&#39;s stance, it is necessary for the shooter to understand the makeup of the human body. See Section Five, Annex I for supplemental information entitled, &quot;Characteristics of the Human Body Relevant to Stance, Position and Grip &quot;.<br /><br /><br /><br /><em>This information is for use only by Individuals of Conscience.<br /><br />.</em></p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/aim" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'aim'">aim</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/stance" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'stance'">stance</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/alignment" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'alignment'">alignment</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/photojournalism" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'photojournalism'">photojournalism</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/photography" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'photography'">photography</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/witness" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'witness'">witness</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/why+is+journalism+the+deadliest+job+on+the+planet%3F" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'why is journalism the deadliest job on the planet?'">why is journalism the deadliest job on the planet?</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/effective+action" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'effective action'">effective action</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'conscience'">conscience</a> </p> Bilderberg 2009 Attendee List http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-271422 Tue, 19 May 2009 19:10:21 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/bilderberg-2009-attendee-list <p><p><br /><strong><br /></strong><br /><br /><strong>Why</strong> is there a <strong>media BLACKOUT,</strong> in North America, of a <a href="http://www.infowars.com/skelton-stop-bilderbergs-nightmare-future-at-all-costs/">conference</a> responsible for setting <strong>world economic </strong>and <strong>foreign policy</strong>?<br /><br /><br />[Re: <strong>Why is journalism the deadliest job on the planet:</strong><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">&nbsp;<span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">A</span>:</span><em>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.banksy.co.uk/outdoors/images/landscapes/nyc/letthemeatcrack.jpg">these people</a>, listed below, do not want their actions known.</em>]<br /><br /><br />___________________________________________________________________<a href="www.infowars.com"><br /><br />Infowars.com<br /></a>May18, 2009</p><p align="left"><strong><br />Dutch Queen Beatrix</strong></p><p align="left"><strong>Queen Sofia of Spain</strong></p><p align="left"><strong>Prince Constantijn</strong> (Belgian Prince)</p><p align="left"><strong>Prince Philippe Etienne Ntavinion</strong>, Belgium</p><p align="left"><strong>&Eacute;tienne, Viscount Davignon</strong>, Belgium (former vice-president of the European Commission)</p><p align="left"><strong>Josef Ackermann</strong> (Swiss banker and CEO of Deutsche Bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Keith B. Alexander</strong>, United States (Lieutenant General, U.S. Army, Director of the National Security Agency)</p><p align="left"><strong>Roger Altman</strong>, United States (investment banker, former U.S. Deputy Treasury Secretary under Bill Clinton)</p><p align="left"><strong>Georgios A. Arapoglou</strong>, Greece (Governor of National Bank of Greece)</p><p align="left"><strong>Ali Babaca</strong> , Turkey (Deputy Prime Minister responsible for economy)</p><p align="left"><strong>Francisco Pinto Balsem&atilde;o</strong>, Portugal (former Prime Minister of Portugal)</p><p align="left"><strong>Nicholas Bavarez</strong>, France (economist and historian)</p><p align="left"><strong>Franco Bernab&egrave;</strong>, Italy (Telecom Italia)</p><p align="left"><strong>Xavier Bertrand</strong>, France (French politician connected to Nicolas Sarkozy)</p><p align="left"><strong>Carl Bildt</strong>, Sweden (former Prime Minister of Sweden)</p><p align="left"><strong>January Bgiorklount</strong>, Norway (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>Christoph Blocher</strong>, Switzerland (industrialist, Vice President of the Swiss People&#39;s Party)</p><p align="left"><strong>Alexander Bompar</strong>, France (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>Ana Patricia Botin</strong>, Spain, (President of Banco Banesto)</p><p align="left"><strong>Henri de Castries</strong>, France (President of AXA, the French global insurance companies group) </p><p align="left"><strong>Juan Luis Cebri&aacute;n</strong>, Spain (journalist for Grupo PRISA; his father was a senior journalist in the fascist Franco regime)</p><p align="left"><strong><br />W. Edmund Clark</strong>, Canada (CEO TD Canada &quot;Trust&quot; Bank Financial Group)</p><p align="left"><strong><br />Kenneth Clarke</strong>, Great Britain (MP, Shadow Business Secretary)</p><p align="left"><strong>Luc Cohen</strong>, Belgium (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>George David</strong>, United States (Chairman and former CEO of United Technologies Corporation, board member of Citigroup) </p><p align="left"><strong>Richard Dearlove</strong>, Great Britain (former head of the British Secret Intelligence Service) </p><p align="left"><strong>Mario Draghi</strong>, Italy (economist, governor of the Bank of Italy)</p><p align="left"><strong>Eldrup Anders</strong>, Denmark (CEO Dong Energy)</p><p align="left"><strong>John Elkann</strong>, Italy (Italian industrialist, grandson of the late Gianni Agnelli, and heir to the automaker Fiat)</p><p align="left"><strong>Thomas Enders</strong>, Germany (CEO Airbus)</p><p align="left"><strong>Jose Entrekanales</strong>, Spain (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>Niall Ferguson</strong>, United States (Professor of History at Harvard University and William Ziegler Professor at Harvard Business School)</p><p align="left"><strong>Timothy Geithner</strong>, United States (Secretary of the Treasury)</p><p align="left">&nbsp;</p><p align="left"><strong>Donald Graham</strong>, United States (CEO and chairman of the board of The Washington Post Company)</p><p align="left"><strong>Victor Chalmperstant</strong>, Netherlands (Leiden University)</p><p align="left"><strong>Ernst Hirsch Ballin</strong>, Netherlands (Dutch politician, minister of Justice in the fourth Balkenende cabinet, member of the Christian Democratic Appeal)</p><p align="left"><strong>Richard Holbrooke</strong>, United States (Obama&#39;s special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan)</p><p align="left"><strong>Jaap De Hoop Scheffer</strong>, Netherlands (Dutch politician and the current NATO Secretary General)</p><p align="left"><strong>James Jones</strong>, United States (National Security Advisor to the White House)</p><p align="left"><strong>Vernon Jordan</strong>, United States (lawyer, close adviser to President Bill Clinton)</p><p align="left"><strong>Robert Keigkan</strong>, United States (? - possibly <em>Robert Kagan</em>, neocon historian)</p><p align="left"><strong>Girki Katainen</strong>, Finland (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>John Kerr</strong> (aka <strong>Baron Kerr of Kinlochard</strong>), Britain (Deputy Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell and an independent member of the House of Lords)</p><p align="left"><strong>Mustafa Vehbi Ko&ccedil;</strong>, Turkey (President of industrial conglomerate Ko&ccedil; Holding)</p><p align="left"><strong>Roland GT</strong>, Germany (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>Sami Cohen</strong>, Turkey (Journalist) (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>Henry Kissinger</strong>, United States</p><p align="left"><strong>Marie Jose Kravis</strong>, United States (Hudson Institute)</p><p align="left"><strong>Neelie Kroes</strong>, Netherlands (European Commissioner for Competition)</p><p align="left"><strong>Odysseas Kyriakopoulos</strong>, Greece (Group S &amp; B) (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>Manuela Ferreira Leite</strong>, Portugal (Portuguese economist and politician)</p><p align="left"><strong>Bernardino Leon Gross</strong>, Spain (Secretary General of the Presidency)</p><p align="left"><strong>Jessica Matthews</strong>, United States (President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) </p><p align="left"><strong>Philippe Maystadt</strong> (President of the European Investment Bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Frank McKenna</strong>, Canada (Deputy Chairman of the Toronto-Dominion Bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>John Micklethwait</strong>, Great Britain (Editor-in-chief of <em>The Economist</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Thierry de Montbrial</strong>, France (founded the Department of Economics of the <em>&Eacute;cole Polytechnique</em> and heads the <em>Institut fran&ccedil;ais des relations internationales</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Mario Monti</strong>, Italy (Italian economist and politician, President of the Bocconi University of Milan)</p><p align="left"><strong>Miguel Angel Moratinos</strong>, Spain (Minister of Foreign Affairs)</p><p align="left"><strong>Craig Mundie</strong>, United States (chief research and strategy officer at Microsoft)</p><p><strong>Egil Myklebust</strong>, Norway (Chairman of the board of SAS Group, Scandinavian Airlines System)</p><p align="left"><strong>Mathias Nass</strong>, Germany (Editor of the newspaper<em> Die Zeit</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Denis Olivennes</strong>, France (director general of <em>Nouvel Observateur</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Frederic Oudea</strong>, France (CEO of <em>Soci&eacute;t&eacute; G&eacute;n&eacute;rale</em> bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Cem &Ouml;zdemir</strong>, Germany (co-leader of the Green Party and Member of the European Parliament)</p><p align="left"><strong>Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa</strong>, Italy (Italian banker, economist, and former Minister of Economy and Finance)</p><p align="left"><strong>Dimitrios Th.Papalexopoulo</strong>, Greece (Managing Director of Titan Cement Company SA) </p><p align="left"><strong>Richard Perle</strong>, United States (American Enterprise Institute)</p><p align="left"><strong>David Petraeus</strong>, United States (Commander, U.S. Central Command)</p><p align="left"><strong>Manuel Pinho</strong>, Portugal (Minister of Economy and Innovation)</p><p align="left"><strong>J. Robert S. Prichard</strong>, Canada (CEO of Torstar Corporation and president emeritus of the University of Toronto)</p><p align="left"><strong>Romano Prodi</strong>, Italy (former Italian Prime Minister and former President of the European Commission)</p><p align="left"><strong>Heather M. Reisman</strong>, Canada (co-founder of Indigo Books &amp; Music Inc.).</p><p align="left"><strong>Eivint Reitan</strong>, Norway (economist, corporate officer and politician for the Centre Party)</p><p align="left"><strong>Michael Rintzier</strong>, Czech Republic (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>David Rockefeller</strong>, United States</p><p align="left"><strong>Dennis Ross</strong>, United States (special adviser for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton)</p><p align="left"><strong>Barnett R. Rubin</strong>, United States (Director of Studies and Senior Fellow, Center for International Cooperation)</p><p align="left"><strong>Alberto Rouith-Gkalarthon</strong>, Spain (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>Susan Sampantzi Ntintzer</strong>, Turkey (?) Guler Sabanci, President of Sabanci Holdings (?)</p><p align="left"><strong>Indira Samarasekera</strong>, Canada (President of University of Alberta, Board of Directors Scotiabank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Rountol Solten</strong>, Austria (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>J&uuml;rgen E. Schrempp</strong>, Germany (CEO DaimlerChrysler)</p><p align="left"><strong>Pedro Solbes Mira</strong>, Spain (economist, Socialist, Second Vice President and Minister of Economy and Finance)</p><p align="left"><strong>Sampatzi Saraz</strong>, Turkey (banker) (?) <em>possibly S&uuml;reyya Serdenge&ccedil;ti (former Governor of the Central Bank of Turkey)</em> <a href="http://arsiv.zaman.com.tr/2002/05/29/ekonomi/h6.htm">http://arsiv.zaman.com.tr/2002/05/29/ekonomi/h6.htm</a></p><p align="left"><strong>Sanata Seketa</strong>, Canada (University of Canada) (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>Lawrence Summers</strong>, United States (economist, Director of the White House&#39;s National Economic Council)</p><p align="left"><strong>Peter Sutherland</strong>, Ireland (Chairman, BP and Chairman of Goldman Sachs International) </p><p align="left"><strong>Martin Taylor</strong>, United Kingdom (former chief executive of Barclays Bank, currently Chairman of Syngenta AG)</p><p align="left"><strong>Peter Thiel</strong>, United States (Clarium Capital Management LCC, PayPal co-founder, Board of Directors, Facebook) </p><p align="left"><strong>Agan Ourgkout</strong>, Turkey (?) </p><p align="left"><strong>Matti Taneli Vanhanen</strong>, Finland, (Prime Minister)</p><p align="left"><strong>Daniel L. Vasella</strong>, Switzerland (Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer at Novartis AG)</p><p align="left"><strong>Jeroen van der Veer</strong>, Netherlands (CEO of Royal Dutch Shell)</p><p align="left"><strong>Guy Verhofstadt</strong>, Belgium (former Prime Minister)</p><p align="left"><strong>Paul Volcker</strong>, U.S. (former Federal Reserve director, Chair of Obama&#39;s Economic Recovery Advisory Board) </p><p align="left"><strong>Jacob Wallenberg</strong>, Sweden (chairman of Investor AB and former chairman of <em>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Marcus Wallenberg</strong>, Sweden (CEO of Investor AB, former chairman of <em>Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>Nout Wellink</strong>, Netherlands (Chairman of <em>De Nederlandsche Bank</em>, Board of Directors, the Bank of International Settlements)</p><p align="left"><strong>Hans Wijers</strong>, Netherlands (CEO of the multinational corporation AkzoNobel)</p><p align="left"><strong>Martin Wolf</strong>, Great Britain (associate editor and chief economics commentator at the <em>Financial Times</em>)</p><p align="left"><strong>James Wolfensohn</strong>, United States (former president of the World Bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Paul Wolfowitz</strong>, United States (for U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense, President of the World Bank, currently AEI scholar)</p><p align="left"><strong>Fareed Zakaria</strong>, United States (journalist, author, and CNN host)</p><p align="left"><strong>Robert Zoellick</strong>, United States (former managing director of Goldman Sachs, President the World Bank)</p><p align="left"><strong>Dora Bakoyannis</strong>, Greece (Minister of Foreign Affairs)</p><p align="left"><strong>Anna Diamantopoulou</strong>, Greece (Member of Parliament for the Panhellenic Socialist Movement)</p><p align="left"><strong>Yannis Papathanasiou</strong>, Greece (Minister of Finance)</p><p align="left"><strong>George Alogoskoufis</strong>, Greece (former Minister)</p><p align="left"><strong>George A. David</strong>, Greece (businessman, president of Coca-Cola) <br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/NA+media+blackout" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'NA media blackout'">NA media blackout</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Totalitaria" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Totalitaria'">Totalitaria</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/tyranny" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'tyranny'">tyranny</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/let+the+truth+set+you+free" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'let the truth set you free'">let the truth set you free</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/why+does+the+4th+estate+exist%3F" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'why does the 4th estate exist?'">why does the 4th estate exist?</a> </p> 1320 days until Winter Solstice 2012! http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-270410 Mon, 11 May 2009 22:21:03 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/1320_days_until_winter_solstice_2012 <p><br /><br /><p><br /><a href="http://www.13moon.com/">http://www.13moon.com/</a> </p><br /><p><strong>Greetings Natural Time Family!</strong></p><p>Today, Yellow Rhythmic Star, May 11, 2009 marks exactly 1320 days between now and the completion of the 5,125 year Great Cycle of the ancient Maya: December 21, 2012!</p><p><br />This is significant as 13:20 is the code ratio of Natural Time: 13 tones of creation, 20 solar tribes which are of course reflected in our bodies - 13 joints and 20 fingers and toes!</p><p>We who are leaving behind the artificial 12:60 time with its 12 month calendar and 60 minute clock are raising our frequency to 13:20, synchronizing with the harmonies of cosmic nature!</p><p>In 20 days from now, Yellow Cosmic Star, May 31, 2009 it will mark exactly 5 galactic spin cycles until the completion of this World Age Era.<br />The Galactic Spin cycles are 260 days long, X 5 = 1300 days.</p><p>Considering this huge cycle started in 3113 BC and maps all of recorded history, we are definitely surfing the tail end of a process of evolution and transformation that has been culminating over this whole 5,000 year period. The only thing we can really be sure of is greater and greater acceleration. That is why some of the titles used to refer to this time of Living Prophecy that we are in is the QUICKENING!</p><p>There are infinite things that could be said on this topic, but for right now the important thing I wanted to communicate was a reminder to my global Natural Time Community that the cosmic schedule is moving right along and it has never&nbsp; been more essential for us to really show up for the opportunities to grow in our lives and to really cultivate our abilities to listen to our personal spiritual guidance.</p><p>There are no outside authorities on this topic of our collective journey through this prophecy; it truly is for us to decode, from the inside out, what&nbsp;our moves are to be to stabilize the steady stream of challenges we all face. One clue, which may be obvious, is that fear is the number one block to being able to tune in guidance, therefore although it may get a lot of air time in our minds, it is not our ally in this process. As the Shambhala warrior teachings remind us, the goal is to feel the fear but don&#39;t let it stop us!</p><p>We must keep maturing spiritually so we can learn how to truly <strong>trust the</strong> <strong>Mystery</strong>, knowing it is our ultimate home. We must keep learning how to receive and apply our truest channels of wisdom. Indeed, there are many, many divine forces available to help us during these times and it is for us to drop the veils that block us, that we may continue opening and receiving their loving support to help us grow into our truest selves.</p><p><br />May the path become ever more clear...</p><p>In Lak&#39;ech - I am Another Yourself,<br />Eden Sky, Red Self-Existing Skywalker<br /><br />__________________________________________________________________</p><p><br />April 24, 2009 - Excerpt from <strong><a href="http://newearthsummit.org/forum/index.php?topic=964.0">Global Awakening News</a></strong> (work in progess)</p><p><br /><strong>State of the Vision</strong></p><p><em>&quot;Imagine that those who consciously shift into ascension mode&nbsp; could assist in lifting the pain and suffering that spirit as expressed through humanity has endured.&quot; </em></p><p><br /><strong>Ascension and Global Awakening</strong><br />Earth was one of a small number of significant birthing grounds established by Source to develop and raise creator beings with the potential to become true companions to Source Itself.&nbsp; This is also why this locale is so important to the dark forces, those who would seek to replace true Source as Creator with themselves. <br />&nbsp;<br />It has been important to assess and sort out the &quot;dark&quot; from the &quot;light&quot; and to examine an ascension process intended to facilitate the ascension of the greatest portion of consciousness that had projected itself as humanity.</p><p>The primary agenda has been what could be described as an ascension of our &quot;holographic&quot; or light structures representing the essence of our identity and experience in the lower density. With rare exceptions, the process was not initially concerned with the transformation of the physical body into higher vibratory light. In the course of all that has led up to the present day, there has been good reason to revisit earlier work involving the descent of the higher self and the transformation of the physical body. This is best represented in the contemporary era by the partnership of Auribindo and Mirra -they referred to it as the &quot;descent of the supramental&quot; or higher body. </p><p align="left">Over recent years much has been accomplished to clear away much of the control fields and provide greater egress for the connection between higher and lower aspects of our greater selves. While most of the higher level control systems have been removed, the lower densities have been under dark force control for a long time and there are many lesser level dark entities running around trying to garner as much influence and control as possible -just like their human counterparts. Their presence has continued to interfere with the ascension process. This ends very soon. </p><p align="left"><br />What will remain will be those humans who have long been dominant parasites on the mass of humanity. They too will find themselves very limited in their influence. After that there will remain the effects of the dark force programming and the extensive falsehoods within falsehoods that have kept the ordinary level of human awareness in a limited medieval frame of reference. These will prove to be a source of conflict among humans long after their top echelon has lost their grip over humanity. </p><br /><p>Thus marks the start of a <em>process of choosing</em> by people who for the most part have been taught lies and falsehoods and denied access to their true freewill. </p><p><br /><a href="http://www.pfcn.net/Bulletins/GA%20News-April%2024-09%20Update.pdf"><em>continue reading</em></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/2012" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '2012'">2012</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/2013" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '2013'">2013</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/13+Moon" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '13 Moon'">13 Moon</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Eden+Sky" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Eden Sky'">Eden Sky</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Natural+Time" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Natural Time'">Natural Time</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/13%3A20" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '13:20'">13:20</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Alex+Kochkin" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Alex Kochkin'">Alex Kochkin</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Global+Awakening" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Global Awakening'">Global Awakening</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Ascension" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Ascension'">Ascension</a> </p> Kin's Domain http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-269511 Tue, 05 May 2009 18:17:31 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/5/kins_domain <p><p><br /><br />&nbsp;</p><p><a href="http://www.ringingcedarsofrussia.org/theearth/kins-domain/against-world-crisis/2009-apr.html">ONE HECTARE Against the World Crisis</a><br /><br /><img id="lightboxImage" src="http://aura0.gaia.com/photos/51/501601/large/dacha_2.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="375" /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><blockquote><blockquote><p align="justify"><em>A triumphal way out of the world-wide crisis is being demonstrated in practice by one and a half thousand Russian families!</em></p></blockquote></blockquote><p align="justify"><br />In various regions of Russia, families are acquiring a hectare of land apiece in abandoned areas, on which they are constructing their kin&#39;s domains, their own small homeland.</p><p align="justify">There are no difficulties that can frighten them. Neither the absence of support from the government, nor the absence of an infrastructure, many of them are still living in tents, others have already constructed their own homes, planted a garden. Children born on the domain are taking their first small, barefoot steps on the grass. The sensation of a wonderful future is inspiring the populace. The enthusiasm of elderly people and youth is similar to the enthusiasm of the members of the Young Communist League -- the builders of the Baikal-Amur railways and the developers of the virgin lands.</p><p align="justify">People of various nationalities and faiths, on the whole with a higher education and academic degrees, have already prepared draft legislation respecting the kin&#39;s domain and are discussing it with fervour on the www.Anastasia.ru site.</p><p align="justify">They are appealing to the government and the President, they assert that, with the support of the government, the new ideology of the family life-style described in the &quot;Ringing Cedars of Russia&quot; series of books is capable of extracting the country from the crisis in several days and completely eliminating unemployment.</p><p align="justify">The crisis will disappear when a person and his or her family can clearly imagine their future.</p><p align="justify">This movement of families inspired by the ideas of constructing kin&#39;s domains is also developing in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Canada, USA, Australia and many others.</p><p align="justify">Someone may think that this is all a fantasy, however the pessimists can see with their own eyes how people, through their enthusiasm alone, are gladly settling previously abandoned lands and beginning to live in their own happy future. They are all readers of Vladimir Megre&#39;s &quot;Ringing Cedars of Russia&quot; series of books.</p><p align="justify">&quot;A new ideology is needed, a life-style ideology,&quot; they say. &quot;It exists, it is in the books of the Russian writer Vladimir Megre, we are all readers of these books.&quot;</p><p align="justify">More than 150 settlements consisting of kin&#39;s domains have already been formed in various regions of Russia. Their number continues to increase. It is completely obvious that a national idea has been born among the people. With the support of the government, the greatest force will be mobilized -- the people!</p><p align="right">http://www.Anastasia.ru/</p><p align="right">Translation Copyright http://www.ringingcedarsofrussia.org/</p><p align="right">&nbsp;</p><p align="right">&nbsp;</p><p align="right"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />.</p></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Ringing+Cedars+of+Russia" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Ringing Cedars of Russia'">Ringing Cedars of Russia</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Kin%27s+Domain" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Kin's Domain'">Kin's Domain</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Anastasia" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Anastasia'">Anastasia</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/independence" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'independence'">independence</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'conscience'">conscience</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/love" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'love'">love</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/V.+Megre" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'V. Megre'">V. Megre</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/what+I%27m+saying.+PEACE" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'what I'm saying. PEACE'">what I'm saying. PEACE</a> </p> Standing in Silence http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-268226 Mon, 27 Apr 2009 01:55:17 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/4/standing_in_silence <p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica"><img id="lightboxImage" src="http://aura.gaia.com/photos/50/498998/large/aspen-trees.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="333" /></p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: verdana" class="Apple-style-span"><div align="left"><span style="font-size: 16px" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: 16px" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div align="left"><font size="3">In the midst of crisis, women, men, and children are standing for a better world in countless ways... <p>Let us take a moment on Sunday May 10, Mother&#39;s Day in many countries, to make this &quot;movement&quot; visible, to realize our unity... as the grandmothers did in Sharon Mehdi&#39;s story... to stand together in silence to save the world. Please read the story, register where you will be standing at&nbsp;<a style="color: #0658b5" href="http://www.standingwomen.org/" target="_blank" title="http://www.standingwomen.org/">http://www.standingwomen.org/</a>, and...</p></font><p><em>&quot;... stand with us again for five minutes of silence at 1 p.m. your local time on May 10, 2009, in your local park, school yard, gathering place, or any place you deem appropriate, to signify your agreement with the statement below. Please stand at a different hour with a different time zone if 1 p.m. is not your preferred time.We ask you to invite the men who you care about to join you. We ask that you bring bells to ring at 1 p.m. to signify the beginning of the five minutes of silence and to ring again to signify the end of the period of silence. During the silence, please think about what you individually and we collectively can do to attain this world. If you need to sit rather than stand, please feel free to do so. Afterwards, hopefully you and your loved ones can talk together about how we can bring about this world.&quot;</em></p><br /><br /><font size="3"><p>Blessings on us all as we come together through these times,&nbsp;The Team at StandingWomen.org</p><p>P.S. Please pass on the invitation...<br />P.P.S And do let us all know about you experience...family always likes to hear...</p><br /></font><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">You ask for what good reason?:</span></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><span style="line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" class="subheadlinemain"><a style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 24px; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-decoration: none" rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/betrayal-of-the-people-by-wall-street-banks-and-government/" title="Permanent Link to Betrayal of the People By Wall Street, Banks, and Government">Betrayal of the People By Wall Street, Banks, and Government</a></h1><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span><div class="tagline" style="font-size: 13px; margin: 8px 0px 0px; width: 300px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0px"><strong>Bob Chapman</strong><br />The International Forecaster<strong><br /></strong>April 27, 2009</div><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">This past January, before the new president was inaugurated, in commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the US and China, a conference was held by the Chinese People&rsquo;s Institute of Foreign Affairs and the Kissinger Institute on China. Former President Jimmy Carter, Henry Kissinger, Brent Snowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski led the US delegation.</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="366" align="right"><tbody><tr><td height="16"><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/onepixel.gif" alt="featured stories Betrayal of the People By Wall Street, Banks, and Government" title="Betrayal of the People By Wall Street, Banks, and Government Photo" width="16" height="16" /></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td width="16">&nbsp;</td><td width="350"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/timmy2.jpg" border="1" alt="Geithner" title="Betrayal of the People By Wall Street, Banks, and Government Photo" width="350" height="226" /></td></tr><tr><td height="8">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="photo-caption" width="350" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 11px; color: #333333; line-height: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">As the charlatan Timmy Geithner tells us, &ldquo;Never before in modern times has so much of the world been simultaneously hit by a confluence of economic and financial turmoil such as we are living through.&rdquo; No kidding Dick Tracy.</td></tr><tr><td height="8">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Mr. Brzezinski proposed at that conference that a US-China G-2 be formed. He stated a long list of international problems that China could help the US find solutions for, such as the global financial crisis, climate change, North Korean and Iranian nuclear ambitions, tension in India and Pakistan and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Behind Zbig&rsquo;s proposals are his perpetual efforts to act to the disadvantage of Russia, so that a western power base can be built in Eastern Europe and down into the Middle East and over into West Asia. This is really what Iraq and Afghanistan are all about. He cited China&rsquo;s rapid growth of the past 20 years and reminded China that it would have taken years longer without the expansion of US-China trade relations. He said there should be interdependence, yet relations still were those of unending US provocation and hostility.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">On the other hand Larry Summers, Mr. Obama&rsquo;s top economic advisor and director of the White House National Economic Council, has proposed a multilateral approach to deal with multilateral global economic problems that would involve a new grouping larger than the Group of Seven richest nations with advanced economies. This, of course, is in opposition to Brzezinski&rsquo;s approach.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">It looks like Summers has the upper hand at the moment, even though Brzezinski brought Mr. Obama to his present position.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">China faces 30 million unemployed workers and inflation that will soon be close to 20% again. Demonstrations are widespread and often lead to violence and death. China, like the US and UK is taking the easy way out for the moment, but in time they will suffer hyperinflation and eventually deflationary depression. That will lead to a major challenge of Chinese Communist leadership.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Among that 30 million unemployed are bright college graduates who have been unable to find work for a year and they will be joined by 7 million more in 2009. Government expects 8% GDP growth in 2008 and 2009, and we see 6% at best. That represents a time bomb of civil disorder for the government. That would only produce six million new jobs each year leaving 20 million unemployed rural migrant laborers out of work for two years at least.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">At the top of the heap are the party members that make large incomes and have access to large loans that do not really have to be repaid. The income disparity is enormous as are job opportunities. This has not gone unnoticed by the public, which displays simmering anger, particularly regarding massive corruption and illegal farmland seizures by private developers, who pay off party members to circumvent the law. Government believes things will work out fine, but we do not. One important problem is declining consumer spending that has been prevalent for ten years, which portends a slowing economy. High-income citizens invest and do not consume what they could and the poor cannot do anything other than to exist.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Zbigniew Brzezinski&rsquo;s communist answer is for China to adapt a full employment objective and an income policy financed by sovereign credit in order to fund such a program. We find it of interest that he didn&rsquo;t recommend using US dollars to finance such a project, but to go into debt to do so. Either that or demand payment for exports in yuan. That would, of course, make the yuan stronger and make Chinese goods for export more expensive, which would cut exports and GDP and put more people out of work.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The communists exercising power as a class of aristocracy want to maintain that position without revolution. They want peaceful rising global influence, but they have to remember how they came to power &ndash; by killing over 1 billion of their fellow citizens. The average still sees the blood on their hands. World deflationary depression will bring revolution to China and the destruction of communism; just as the Illuminati&rsquo;s dream of world government will come to no good end.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The Congressional Budget Office, CBO, sees a fiscal deficit of 13% of GDP in 2009 and 10% in 2010, based on a strong recovery from stimulus and other massive spending. At that rate the ratio of government debt to GDP would be 80% by 2018. As a guideline we cite the eurozone Maastricht guideline of fiscal debt limits of 3% of GDP.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Financial history tells us fiscal and monetary profligacy brings about inflation - in today&rsquo;s case, hyperinflation. Instead of purging the system and facing the music, governments worldwide are increasing money and credit at an exponential rate and lowering interest rates to zero. The outcome is guaranteed. Do not forget those sterilized ominous increases in commercial bank reserves sitting over at the Fed will be converted into faster money growth at a ratio of 10 to 1. M2 is already up 15% and M3, our original version, at about 18%. Do not think for one second that the Fed will reduce the excessive stock of money and credit. They can&rsquo;t, because if they do the financial system will collapse.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">It should be noted that many prime rated mortgage accounts of big hitters who haven&rsquo;t made their mortgage payments for several months have not been contacted by their lenders &ndash; banks. The reason is upkeep, inventory and real estate taxes &ndash; all of which banks will have to assume if they take over the house. That means default rates are much higher than statistics show. These good loans now have a 50% default rate for subprime and ALT-A loans and prime loans will soon reach that level. We are seeing a complete looting of the system before they collapse it. Our corporate structure and are government are being run by crooks.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Regarding the stress test, it is apparent that most major banks won&rsquo;t pass the test. They are insolvent and will have to be nationalized. It is no wonder the market was manipulated up to 8200 on the Dow, which was in anticipation of such news. This is a dire situation because banks will be forced to adhere to a higher fee structure. Banks will also have to set aside more funds to meet the requirements of the FDIC. The banks have no cushion for such legitimate demands. What are they going to do when the jumbo and prime loan defaults hit 50%?</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Wells Fargo, as many others did committed fraud in their earnings statement. Wait until next quarter. They have 41% of their mortgages in California and 50% of their portfolio is in pay-option ARMs, which are entering a bulge period of resets and are widely considered to be the most toxic of the first lien mortgages.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">As tax revenue plunges for all government entities, billions in additional debt will have to be funded. That means higher real interest rates.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The spending on unemployment insurance and other safety-net programs is rising exponentially as unemployment gets set to exceed 20%. Who pray tell will buy all this debt? The Fed, of course, as monetization flourishes. It is a nightmare as government spending has risen 33% in just six months.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Sadly and tragically we predicted all this chapter and verse. As the charlatan Timmy Geithner tells us, &ldquo;Never before in modern times has so much of the world been simultaneously hit by a confluence of economic and financial turmoil such as we are living through.&rdquo; No kidding Dick Tracy. Where were you nine years ago when we predicted all this? This guy is dumber than dumb. If you want to know who is to blame you need not go any further than our Illuminist banks and Wall Street.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Treasuries continue to sit on the 200 DMA and we have auctions for 2, 5 and 7-year paper coming next week. If that line is broken they&rsquo;ll be lots of selling. If the offerings are larger than expected you can anticipate heavy Fed involvement in the market.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;This brought the total number of people who lost their jobs in this manner to 299,388, the highest on a record that dates to 1995.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Since the recession officially began in December 2007 (it began in February 2007), layoffs now total 31,414 since the start of the recession.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">In desperation GM wants to exchange $1 billion in bonds for common stock. If they cannot pay interest on bonds or redeem them what good is common stock? This is an attempt by derivative writers to avoid paying much more in credit default swaps. They will only have to wait 39 days to see what is going to happen.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The Federal government is now spending about double what they are collecting in taxes.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Bank of America CEO Ken Lewis was told by Ben Bernanke and Hank Paulson to shut up about the &ldquo;material adverse change,&rdquo; that took place at Merrill Lynch before their merger. This is called strong-arm tactics in the underworld. Lewis was told if he did not follow orders his board would be disbanded and the management team would be fired. That is extortion as well. Lewis should have pulled the plug on this riff raff, but he didn&rsquo;t have the guts to do so &ndash; what a wimp. He shafted the shareholders.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The bottom line now is BoA will be sued by every shareholder for accepting such a losing deal forced on them by government and for accepting this deal and not disclosing material information and lying.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">There will now be a run on Bank of America because the liability is unpayable.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">NY State AG Andrew Como has released a letter that will lead to lawsuits against BoA, Lewis, Bernanke and Paulson for fraud. The rats are trapped in a corner and are turning on each other.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The frugality trend has just begun, which will take us back to a lifestyle much like that of the 1940s and 1950s. the vast populace hasn&rsquo;t gotten it yet. People do not view the current recession as a major economic phenomenon or as a major event. They believe government won&rsquo;t let it happen, they will save us. They are incapable of thinking the unthinkable.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Unemployment of almost 20% is producing a downward spiral of negative growth. 85% of Americans have no clue as to what lies ahead. Until the system is purged there will be no recovery.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">It will be interesting to see how little Timmy deals with Goldman Sachs&rsquo; TARP desertion. NYSE data shows Goldman traded 5 times as much volume for themselves compared to customer and agency orders in program trading. Huge short interest stocks were the largest market gainers and the cost to borrow shares to short have soared and it is almost impossible to get stock, because illegally the brokerage houses have called in share loans on financial stocks. How&rsquo;s that for rigging the market?</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">New Rules Let Bank Increase Capital Reserves By $4 Billion: The increase could make a critical difference in the federal government&rsquo;s evaluation of the company&rsquo;s ability to withstand a deepening recession, accounting experts said.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">After the FASB change, which allows banks to substitute their own judgment in some cases, Wells Fargo decided market prices were too low by more than $4 billion, and it returned that amount to its capital pool.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Something was curiously absent from Wells Fargo&rsquo;s triumphant first-quarter earnings material: Any statement that the bank would try and quickly pay back government capital. 49% of Wells Fargo&rsquo;s $119 billion of core home-equity loans are now on properties where the combined loan-to-value ratio is over 90%, up from 43% in the fourth quarter. With risks like these, don&rsquo;t expect Wells Fargo to repay the taxpayers anytime soon.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The starkly different fates of the neighboring banks show how the U.S. government&rsquo;s approach to dealing with the industry&rsquo;s worst crisis in a generation has shifted. The decision to allow only one of the two banks to survive has fueled criticism that regulators are picking winners and losers, without disclosing their criteria for making the calls. That, in turn, has shaken the confidence of bankers and private investors trying to decide whether to wade into the troubled sector.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">With spending on unemployment insurance and other safety- net programs rising, the deficit is already at a record $956.8 billion six months into the fiscal year. To help close that gap, the Treasury Department has more than quadrupled borrowing, pushing the government deeper into debt.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">&ldquo;Tax receipts are just collapsing,&rdquo; said Chris Ahrens, head of interest-rate strategy at UBS Securities LLC in Stamford, Connecticut, one of 16 primary dealers required to bid at Treasury auctions. The need to sell more debt &ldquo;is a big issue in the Treasury market and it is ongoing. The surging budget deficit is the primary cause.&rdquo; The government will have to sell $2.4 trillion in new bills, notes and bonds in fiscal 2009, according to UBS.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">When Warren Buffett speaks, it&rsquo;s usually worth paying attention. This time, the Oracle of Omaha is voicing concerns about the ability of some battered local and state governments to pay off their debts.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The WSJ notes that hedge funds are competing with end-users for homes. This boosts home sales data but it is a distortion of reality because the homes are not moving into &lsquo;end user&rsquo; hands.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The Fed monetized another $7B (3s &amp; 4s) on Thursday. The Treasury auction $8B of TIPS. Who&rsquo;s the patsy?</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Morgan Stanley notes that with 40% of S&amp;P 500 reporting earnings, 77% of non-financial companies have met or beat earnings expectations but only 28% have met or beat revenue expectations, Cost cutting is the theme for Q1. But as we have cautioned, cost cutting will be more difficult in coming quarters.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Gold is back above $900. Though most of the western world is ignoring the Taliban&rsquo;s attempt to take over Pakistan and its nuclear arsenal, some people are acutely aware of the gravity of the situation.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">The Fed&rsquo;s balance sheet surged to $2.2 trillion due to its monetization of $94.5B in securities for the week ended on Wednesday. The Fed bought an astounding $75B of mortgage-backed securities (MBS).</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">Last month West Coast real estate rose 3.6% says CNBC, as foreclosures rose 80% in California.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px"><strong>As American citizens bailout the financial system we see bonuses being handed out to incompetents, who caused the problems &ndash; companies like Merrill Lynch and AIG should not be giving bonuses. Politicians have expressed outrage but nothing will be done about it. We have also found out government was complicit in the hiding of the Merrill Lynch bonuses. It shows you what kind of government and financial institutions we have.</strong> At any price fellow Illuminists have to be bailed out or falsely rewarded. At AIG alone derivative traders received $165 million in taxpayer funds. <strong>It is no coincidence that Senator Obama received $103,000 from AIG &ndash; his biggest campaign contribution.</strong> Treasury&rsquo;s Tiny Tim Geithner engineered all this even when he was at the NY Fed. Then there are the bonuses for Fannie and Freddie employees who lost $100 billion. <strong>These were performance bonuses and did not have to be paid &ndash; government paid them anyway.</strong> Adding frosting to the cake, 12 of the TARP recipient companies owe millions of dollars in back taxes, out of 23. We wonder how much is owed by the other 450 companies?</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px"><strong>There is no question that Wall Street, banking and government have betrayed the American people. The question is how long will it be before Americans forcibly take their government back? All 3 branches, Executive, Judicial and Legislative are controlled from behind the scenes by Illuminists.</strong></p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">We are all now paying for the sellout of Congress that began years ago. The main cogs in this horrible machine were the 1999 passed the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which eliminated The Glass-Steagall Act and the 1995 Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, both of which allowed Wall Street to run rampant.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p></span><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left"><br /></div><div align="left" style="text-align: center">.</div></span></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Silence" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Silence'">Silence</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/peaceful+demonstration" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'peaceful demonstration'">peaceful demonstration</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'conscience'">conscience</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/P+E+A+C+E" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'P E A C E'">P E A C E</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/%21ove." rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged '!ove.'">!ove.</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/the+power+of+gentle" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'the power of gentle'">the power of gentle</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/standing+women.org" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'standing women.org'">standing women.org</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/W+A+K+E++U+P" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'W A K E U P'">W A K E U P</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/whut+imsane" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'whut imsane'">whut imsane</a> </p> e (mathematical constant) http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-267405 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 02:51:06 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/4/e_mathematical_constant <p><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; font-family: '-webkit-sans-serif'" class="Apple-style-span"><h1 id="firstHeading" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 188%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; color: black; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="firstHeading">e (mathematical constant)</h1><div id="bodyContent" style="position: relative"><h3 id="siteSub" style="display: inline; font-weight: normal; font-size: 92%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.8em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: white; border-style: none"><div class="thumbinner" style="overflow-y: hidden; min-width: 100px; font-size: 94%; overflow-x: hidden; width: 182px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: center; border: #cccccc 1px solid; padding: 3px! important"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hyperbola_E.svg" title="The area under the graph y = 1/x is equal to 1 over the interval 1 &le; x &le; e." class="image"><img style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; border: #cccccc 1px solid" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hyperbola_E.svg/180px-Hyperbola_E.svg.png" border="0" alt="" width="180" height="193" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 94%; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left; border-style: none; padding: 3px! important"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; background-image: none! important; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important"><a style="display: block; background-image: none! important; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hyperbola_E.svg" title="Enlarge" class="internal"><img style="display: block; background-image: none! important; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div>The area under the graph&nbsp;<em>y</em>&nbsp;= 1/<em>x</em>is equal to 1 over the interval 1 &le;&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;&le;<em>e</em>.</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.8em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: white; border-style: none"><div class="thumbinner" style="overflow-y: hidden; min-width: 100px; font-size: 94%; overflow-x: hidden; width: 260px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: center; border: #cccccc 1px solid; padding: 3px! important"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Exp_derivative_at_0.svg" title="e is the unique number a, such that the value of the derivative (the slope of the tangent line) of the exponential function f (x) = ax (blue curve) at the point x&nbsp;=&nbsp;0 is exactly 1. For comparison, functions 2x (dotted curve) and 4x (dashed curve) are shown; they are not tangent to the line of slope 1 (red)." class="image"><img style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; border: #cccccc 1px solid" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Exp_derivative_at_0.svg/258px-Exp_derivative_at_0.svg.png" border="0" alt="" width="258" height="258" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 94%; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left; border-style: none; padding: 3px! important"><em>e</em>&nbsp;is the unique number&nbsp;<em>a</em>, such that the value of the derivative (the slope of the tangent line) of the exponential function&nbsp;<em>f</em>&nbsp;(<em>x</em>) =&nbsp;<em>a<sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup></em>&nbsp;(blue curve) at the point&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0 is exactly 1. For comparison, functions 2<sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;(dotted curve) and 4<sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;(dashed curve) are shown; they are not tangent to the line of slope 1 (red).</div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_constant" title="Mathematical constant">mathematical constant</a>&nbsp;<em><strong>e</strong></em>&nbsp;is the unique&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real number</a>&nbsp;such that the area above the&nbsp;<em>x</em>-axis and below the curve&nbsp;<em>y</em>=1/<em>x</em>&nbsp;for 1 &le;&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is exactly&nbsp;<em>1</em>. It turns out that, consequently, the area for 1 &le;&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<em>e<sup style="line-height: 1em">t</sup></em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>t</em>. Also, the function&nbsp;<em>e<sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup></em>&nbsp;has the same value as the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative" title="Derivative">slope of the tangent line</a>, for all values of&nbsp;<em>x</em>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;More generally, the only functions equal to their own&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative" title="Derivative">derivatives</a>&nbsp;are of the form&nbsp;<em>Ce<sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup></em>, where&nbsp;<em>C</em>&nbsp;is a constant.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The function&nbsp;<em>e<sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup></em>&nbsp;so defined is called the<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function" title="Exponential function">exponential function</a>, and its&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_function" title="Inverse function">inverse</a>&nbsp;is the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm" title="Natural logarithm">natural logarithm</a>, or logarithm to&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(mathematics)" title="Base (mathematics)" class="mw-redirect">base</a>&nbsp;<em>e</em>. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is also commonly&nbsp;<em>defined</em>&nbsp;as the&nbsp;<strong>base of the natural logarithm</strong>&nbsp;(using an&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral" title="Integral">integral</a>&nbsp;to define the latter), as the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_sequence" title="Limit of a sequence">limit</a>&nbsp;of a certain&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_(mathematics)" title="Sequence (mathematics)" class="mw-redirect">sequence</a>, or as the sum of a certain&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_(mathematics)" title="Series (mathematics)">series</a>&nbsp;(see&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Alternative_characterizations">alternative characterizations</a>below).</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is one of the most important numbers in mathematics,<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;alongside the additive and multiplicative identities&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_(number)" title="0 (number)">0</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_(number)" title="1 (number)">1</a>, the constant&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">&pi;</a>, and the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit" title="Imaginary unit">imaginary unit</a>&nbsp;<em>i</em>. (All five of these constants together comprise&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_identity" title="Euler's identity">Euler&#39;s identity</a>.)</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is sometimes called&nbsp;<strong>Euler&#39;s number</strong>&nbsp;after the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a>. (<em>e</em>&nbsp;is not to be confused with &gamma; &ndash; the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%E2%80%93Mascheroni_constant" title="Euler&ndash;Mascheroni constant">Euler&ndash;Mascheroni constant</a>, sometimes called simply&nbsp;<em>Euler&#39;s constant</em>.)</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number" title="Irrational number">irrational</a>; it is not a ratio of integers (root of a linear polynomial). Furthermore, it is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number" title="Transcendental number">transcendental</a>; it is not a root of&nbsp;<em>any</em>&nbsp;polynomial with integer coefficients. The numerical value of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;truncated to 20&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal places</a>&nbsp;is</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="white-space: nowrap">2.71828&thinsp;18284&thinsp;59045&thinsp;23536&hellip;</span>.</dd></dl><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="infobox" style="clear: right; font-size: 100%; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; color: black; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0.25em 0.25em 0em; width: 200px; color: black; background-color: white; text-align: center; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-left: 5px; vertical-align: top"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="white-space: nowrap">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Part of a series of articles on<br /><span style="font-size: 175%">The mathematical constant,&nbsp;<strong><strong class="selflink">e</strong></strong></span></p></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-left: 12px; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: top"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Euler%27s_formula.svg" title="Euler's formula.svg" class="image"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Euler%27s_formula.svg/180px-Euler%27s_formula.svg.png" border="0" alt="" width="180" height="176" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: #aaaaaa 1px solid; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm" title="Natural logarithm">Natural logarithm</a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: #aaaaaa 1px solid; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><strong>Applications in:</strong>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest" title="Compound interest">compound interest</a><span style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;&middot;</span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_identity" title="Euler's identity">Euler&#39;s identity</a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula" title="Euler's formula">Euler&#39;s formula</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;&middot;</span>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-lives</a>&nbsp;&amp; exponential&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growth" title="Exponential growth">growth</a>/<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay" title="Exponential decay">decay</a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: #aaaaaa 1px solid; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><strong>Defining e:</strong>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_e_is_irrational" title="Proof that e is irrational">proof that e is irrational</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;&middot;</span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representations_of_e" title="Representations of e">representations of e</a><span style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;&middot;</span>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann%E2%80%93Weierstrass_theorem" title="Lindemann&ndash;Weierstrass theorem">Lindemann&ndash;Weierstrass theorem</a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: #aaaaaa 1px solid; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><strong>People</strong>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a>&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold">&nbsp;&middot;</span>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a></p></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: #aaaaaa 1px solid; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schanuel%27s_conjecture" title="Schanuel's conjecture">Schanuel&#39;s conjecture</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table border="0" class="toc" summary="Contents" style="margin-top: 0.5em; font-size: 95%; color: black; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 5px" id="toc"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="text-align: center"><h2 style="display: inline; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none; padding: 0px">Contents</h2>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 94%" class="toctoggle">[<a id="togglelink" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal">hide</a>]</span></div><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; text-align: left; padding: 0px"><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">History</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Applications"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Applications</span></a> <ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; text-align: left; padding: 0px"><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#The_compound-interest_problem"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">The compound-interest problem</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Bernoulli_trials"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Bernoulli trials</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Derangements"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Derangements</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Asymptotics"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Asymptotics</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#e_in_calculus"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">e in calculus</span></a> <ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; text-align: left; padding: 0px"><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Alternative_characterizations"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Alternative characterizations</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Properties"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Properties</span></a> <ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; text-align: left; padding: 0px"><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Calculus"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Calculus</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Exponential-like_functions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Exponential-like functions</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Number_theory"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Number theory</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Complex_numbers"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Complex numbers</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Differential_equations"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Differential equations</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Representations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Representations</span></a> <ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; text-align: left; padding: 0px"><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Stochastic_representations"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Stochastic representations</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Known_digits"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Known digits</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#In_computer_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">In computer culture</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="History" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="History" title="History"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The first references to the constant were published in 1618 in the table of an appendix of a work on logarithms by&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-OConnor-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;However, this did not contain the constant itself, but simply a list of natural logarithms calculated from the constant. It is assumed that the table was written by&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Oughtred" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a>. The &quot;discovery&quot; of the constant itself is credited to&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernoulli" title="Jacob Bernoulli">Jacob Bernoulli</a>, who attempted to find the value of the following expression (which is in fact&nbsp;<em>e</em>):</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/5/d/1/5d18070ef4fdc2e1ae46d38ad588b18a.png" alt="\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n." width="131" height="43" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The first known use of the constant, represented by the letter&nbsp;<em>b</em>, was in correspondence from&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a>&nbsp;in 1690 and 1691.&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a>&nbsp;started to use the letter&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;for the constant in 1727, and the first use of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;in a publication was Euler&#39;s&nbsp;<em>Mechanica</em>&nbsp;(1736). While in the subsequent years some researchers used the letter&nbsp;<em>c</em>,&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;was more common and eventually became the standard.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The exact reasons for the use of the letter&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;are unknown, but it may be because it is the first letter of the word&nbsp;<em><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential" title="Exponential">exponential</a></em>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="noprint Template-Fact"><span style="white-space: nowrap">[<em><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></em>]</span></sup>&nbsp;Another possibility is that Euler used it because it was the first&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a>&nbsp;after&nbsp;<em>a</em>, which he was already using for another number, but his reason for using vowels is unknown.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="noprint Template-Fact"><span style="white-space: nowrap">[<em><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></em>]</span></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Applications" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Applications" title="Applications"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Applications</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="The_compound-interest_problem" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="The_compound-interest_problem" title="The_compound-interest_problem"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: The compound-interest problem">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">The compound-interest problem</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernoulli" title="Jacob Bernoulli">Jacob Bernoulli</a>&nbsp;discovered this constant by studying a question about&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest" title="Compound interest">compound interest</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">One example is an account that starts with $1.00 and pays 100% interest per year. If the interest is credited once, at the end of the year, the value is $2.00; but if the interest is computed and added twice in the year, the $1 is multiplied by 1.5 twice, yielding $1.00&times;1.5&sup2;&nbsp;=&nbsp;$2.25. Compounding quarterly yields $1.00&times;1.25<sup style="line-height: 1em">4</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;$2.4414&hellip;, and compounding monthly yields $1.00&times;(1.0833&hellip;)<sup style="line-height: 1em">12</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;$2.613035&hellip;.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Bernoulli noticed that this sequence approaches a limit (the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest#Force_of_interest" title="Compound interest">force of interest</a>) for more and smaller compounding intervals. Compounding weekly yields $2.692597&hellip;, while compounding daily yields $2.714567&hellip;, just two cents more. Using&nbsp;<em>n</em>&nbsp;as the number of compounding intervals, with interest of 1/<em>n</em>&nbsp;in each interval, the limit for large&nbsp;<em>n</em>&nbsp;is the number that came to be known as&nbsp;<em>e</em>; with&nbsp;<em>continuous</em>&nbsp;compounding, the account value will reach $2.7182818&hellip;. More generally, an account that starts at $1, and yields (1+<em>R</em>) dollars at simple interest, will yield&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>R</em></sup>dollars with continuous compounding.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Bernoulli_trials" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Bernoulli_trials" title="Bernoulli_trials"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Bernoulli trials">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Bernoulli trials</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;itself also has applications to&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>, where it arises in a way not obviously related to exponential growth. Suppose that a gambler plays a slot machine that pays out with a probability of one in n and plays it n times. Then, for large n (such as a million) the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a>&nbsp;that the gambler will win nothing at all is (approximately) 1&frasl;<em>e</em>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">This is an example of a&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_trials" title="Bernoulli trials" class="mw-redirect">Bernoulli trials</a>&nbsp;process. Each time the gambler plays the slots, there is a one in one million chance of winning. Playing one million times is modelled by the<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_distribution" title="Binomial distribution">binomial distribution</a>, which is closely related to the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem" title="Binomial theorem">binomial theorem</a>. The probability of winning&nbsp;<em>k</em>&nbsp;times out of a million trials is;</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/d/a/1da345e1b31b8c8ec5ee6a7655fbbedc.png" alt="\binom{10^6}{k} \left(10^{-6}\right)^k(1-10^{-6})^{10^6-k}." width="257" height="48" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">In particular, the probability of winning zero times (<em>k</em>=0) is</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/f/1/9/f19e2248f2fca8e9860f768401bf1a49.png" alt="\left(1-\frac{1}{10^6}\right)^{10^6}." width="116" height="49" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">This is very close to the following limit for 1&frasl;<em>e</em>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/0/b/70b67e830b7c483791ccc58218e100f2.png" alt="\frac{1}{e} = \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)^n." width="169" height="43" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Derangements" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Derangements" title="Derangements"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Derangements">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Derangements</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Another application of&nbsp;<em>e</em>, also discovered in part by Jacob Bernoulli along with&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Raymond_de_Montmort" title="Pierre Raymond de Montmort">Pierre Raymond de Montmort</a>&nbsp;is in the problem of&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derangement" title="Derangement">derangements</a>, also known as the&nbsp;<em>hat check problem</em>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>Here&nbsp;<em>n</em>&nbsp;guests are invited to a party, and at the door each guest checks his hat with the butler who then places them into labeled boxes. But the butler does not know the name of the guests, and so must put them into boxes selected at random. The problem of de Montmort is: what is the probability that&nbsp;<em>none</em>&nbsp;of the hats gets put into the right box. The answer is:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/4/2/342b9c8df18dd85a78cd225be062695f.png" alt="p_n = 1-\frac{1}{1!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\cdots+(-1)^n\frac{1}{n!}." width="333" height="42" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">As the number&nbsp;<em>n</em>&nbsp;of guests tends to infinity,&nbsp;<em>p</em><sub style="line-height: 1em">n</sub>&nbsp;approaches&nbsp;<sup style="line-height: 1em">1</sup>&frasl;<em><sub style="line-height: 1em">e</sub></em>. Furthermore, the number of ways the hats can be placed into the boxes so that none of the hats is in the right box is exactly<sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>n</em>!</sup>&frasl;<sub style="line-height: 1em"><em>e</em></sub>, rounded to the nearest integer.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Asymptotics" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Asymptotics" title="Asymptotics"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Asymptotics">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Asymptotics</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;occurs naturally in connection with many problems involving&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotics" title="Asymptotics" class="mw-redirect">asymptotics</a>. A prominent example is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%27s_formula" title="Stirling's formula" class="mw-redirect">Stirling&#39;s formula</a>&nbsp;for the asymptotics of the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_function" title="Factorial function" class="mw-redirect">factorial function</a>, in which both the numbers&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">&pi;</a>&nbsp;enter:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/c/0/2c08175a8b9041437c661dc21d33f712.png" alt="n! \sim \sqrt{2\pi n}\, \frac{n^n}{e^n}." width="126" height="40" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">A particular consequence of this is</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/e/c/1ece0ee65e250a7a3ec0a38140ef258c.png" alt="e = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{n}{\sqrt[n]{n!}}" width="114" height="42" />.</dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="e_in_calculus" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="e_in_calculus" title="e_in_calculus"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: e in calculus">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline"><em>e</em>&nbsp;in calculus</span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.8em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: white; border-style: none"><div class="thumbinner" style="overflow-y: hidden; min-width: 100px; font-size: 94%; overflow-x: hidden; width: 202px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: center; border: #cccccc 1px solid; padding: 3px! important"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ln%2Be.svg" title="The natural log at e, ln(e), is equal to 1" class="image"><img style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; border: #cccccc 1px solid" class="thumbimage" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ln%2Be.svg/200px-Ln%2Be.svg.png" border="0" alt="" width="200" height="125" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 94%; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left; border-style: none; padding: 3px! important"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; background-image: none! important; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important"><a style="display: block; background-image: none! important; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ln%2Be.svg" title="Enlarge" class="internal"><img style="display: block; background-image: none! important; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border-style: none! important" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" width="15" height="11" /></a></div>The natural log at e, ln(e), is equal to 1</div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The principal motivation for introducing the number&nbsp;<em>e</em>, particularly in&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a>, is to perform&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_(mathematics)" title="Derivative (mathematics)" class="mw-redirect">differential</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_calculus" title="Integral calculus" class="mw-redirect">integral calculus</a>&nbsp;with&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function" title="Exponential function">exponential functions</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">logarithms</a>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;A general exponential function&nbsp;<em>y</em>=<em>a</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;has derivative given as the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_function" title="Limit of a function">limit</a>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/0/f/e0f586bfb9293ca45d034689b0d82886.png" alt="\frac{d}{dx}a^x=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{a^{x+h}-a^x}{h}=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{a^{x}a^{h}-a^x}{h}=a^x\left(\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{a^h-1}{h}\right)." width="503" height="51" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The limit on the right-hand side is independent of the variable&nbsp;<em>x</em>: it depends only on the base&nbsp;<em>a</em>. When the base is&nbsp;<em>e</em>, this limit is equal to one, and so<em>e</em>&nbsp;is symbolically defined by the equation:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/e/7/ee73f45c760c34c8758b01bb36477ca7.png" alt="\frac{d}{dx}e^x = e^x." width="89" height="41" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Consequently, the exponential function with base&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is particularly suited to doing calculus. Choosing&nbsp;<em>e</em>, as opposed to some other number, as the base of the exponential function makes calculations involving the derivative much simpler.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Another motivation comes from considering the base-<em>a</em>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">logarithm</a>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Considering the definition of the derivative of&nbsp;<em>log</em><sub style="line-height: 1em">a</sub><em>x</em>&nbsp;as the limit:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/f/1/0/f10079464df09b3da19ac3365ad2c211.png" alt="\frac{d}{dx}\log_a x = \lim_{h\to 0}\frac{\log_a(x+h)-\log_a(x)}{h}=\frac{1}{x}\left(\lim_{u\to 0}\frac{1}{u}\log_a(1+u)\right)," width="538" height="45" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">where the substitution&nbsp;<em>u</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<em>h</em>/<em>x</em>&nbsp;was made in the last step. The last limit appearing in this calculation is again an undetermined limit which depends only on the base&nbsp;<em>a</em>, and if that base is&nbsp;<em>e</em>, the limit is one. So symbolically,</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/2/5/e25216b830f184203f7db2662a3d7582.png" alt="\frac{d}{dx}\log_e x=\frac{1}{x}." width="119" height="41" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The logarithm in this special base is called the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm" title="Natural logarithm">natural logarithm</a>&nbsp;(often represented as &quot;ln&quot;), and it also behaves well under differentiation since there is no undetermined limit to carry through the calculations.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">There are thus two ways in which to select a special number&nbsp;<em>a</em>=<em>e</em>. One way is to set the derivative of the exponential function&nbsp;<em>a</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<em>a</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup>. The other way is to set the derivative of the base&nbsp;<em>a</em>logarithm to 1/<em>x</em>. In each case, one arrives at a convenient choice of base for doing calculus. In fact, these two bases are actually&nbsp;<em>the same</em>, the number&nbsp;<em>e</em>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Alternative_characterizations" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Alternative_characterizations" title="Alternative_characterizations"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Alternative characterizations">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Alternative characterizations</span></h3><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso" style="padding-left: 2em; font-style: italic">See also:&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representations_of_e" title="Representations of e">Representations of e</a></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Other characterizations of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;are also possible: one is as the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_sequence" title="Limit of a sequence">limit of a sequence</a>, another is as the sum of an&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_series" title="Infinite series" class="mw-redirect">infinite series</a>, and still others rely on&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_calculus" title="Integral calculus" class="mw-redirect">integral calculus</a>. So far, the following two (equivalent) properties have been introduced:</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">1. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is the unique positive&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real number</a>&nbsp;such that</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/5/d/e5dd3071d7d878cc4a2374ac8eec6419.png" alt="\frac{d}{dt}e^t = e^t." width="80" height="41" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">2. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is the unique positive real number such that</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/c/8/6c8e734db1122a0b1e6d98a98d62d7d6.png" alt="\frac{d}{dt} \log_e t = \frac{1}{t}." width="110" height="41" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The following three characterizations can be&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterizations_of_the_exponential_function#Equivalence_of_the_characterizations" title="Characterizations of the exponential function">proven equivalent</a>:</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">3. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_(mathematics)" title="Limit (mathematics)">limit</a></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/5/f/15f5460b0d41750d9f3f23f47e0ba5fd.png" alt="e = \lim_{n\to\infty} \left( 1 + \frac{1}{n} \right)^n" width="158" height="43" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Similarly:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/1/e/e/1eef898d96081e1931019615cf476e02.png" alt="e = \lim_{x\to 0} \left( 1 + x \right)^{1/x}" width="150" height="32" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">4. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is the sum of the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_series" title="Infinite series" class="mw-redirect">infinite series</a></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/1/0/a10a05335ccb3b560a678ed2dd287fdb.png" alt="e = \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} = \frac{1}{0!} + \frac{1}{1!} + \frac{1}{2!} + \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} + \cdots" width="350" height="47" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">where&nbsp;<em>n</em>! is the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial" title="Factorial">factorial</a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<em>n</em>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">5. The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is the unique positive real number such that</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/5/6/b/56baed7c755df6c1f423ef9b44cd75d8.png" alt="\int_{1}^{e} \frac{1}{t} \, dt = {1}" width="97" height="43" />.</dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><br />6. The expression below reaches a maximum when&nbsp;<span style="font-family: serif; white-space: nowrap" class="texhtml"><em>x</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<em>e</em></span>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="font-family: serif; white-space: nowrap" class="texhtml"><em>x</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">1 /&nbsp;<em>x</em></sup></span>.</dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Properties" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Properties" title="Properties"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Properties">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Properties</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Calculus" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Calculus" title="Calculus"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Calculus">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Calculus</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">As in the motivation, the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function" title="Exponential function">exponential function</a>&nbsp;<em>f</em>(<em>x</em>) =&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;is important in part because it is the unique nontrivial function (up to multiplication by a constant) which is its own&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative" title="Derivative">derivative</a></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/c/3/d/c3d7a3f74527a7bf8fb452878618b178.png" alt="\frac{d}{dx}e^x=e^x" width="84" height="41" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">and therefore its own&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative" title="Antiderivative">antiderivative</a>&nbsp;as well:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/e/d/4/ed49234f29cc4ea388c9a714401cece6.png" alt="e^x= \int_{-\infty}^x e^t\,dt " width="117" height="39" /></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/1/f/41f0c11739830a2ab6f60bc1386f1d46.png" alt="= \int_{-\infty}^0 e^t\,dt + \int_{0}^x e^t\,dt " width="182" height="41" /></dd></dl></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/b/9/a/b9ac8b54abf93074effa4007ea63e53f.png" alt="\qquad= 1 + \int_{0}^x e^t\,dt." width="122" height="39" /></dd></dl></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Exponential-like_functions" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Exponential-like_functions" title="Exponential-like_functions"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Exponential-like functions">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Exponential-like functions</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is where the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_maximum" title="Global maximum" class="mw-redirect">global maximum</a>&nbsp;occurs for the function:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/8/b/5/8b5628c8da12b7024225480740e57830.png" alt=" f(x) = x^{1/x}.\, " width="101" height="25" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">More generally,&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>n</em></sup>&radic;<span style="text-decoration: overline"><em>e</em></span>&nbsp;is where the global maximum occurs for the function</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/0/1/701902a36b92424863f3431eeb4cbad3.png" alt=" \!\ f(x) = x^{1/x^n}. " width="110" height="25" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The infinite&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration" title="Tetration">tetration</a></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/c/e/8/ce80818b505b17c4cb1a158964620cd1.png" alt=" x^{x^{x^{\cdot^{\cdot^{\cdot}}}}} " width="37" height="28" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">converges only if&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">&minus;<em>e</em></sup>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">1/<em>e</em></sup>, due to a theorem of&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Number_theory" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Number_theory" title="Number_theory"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Number theory">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Number theory</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The real number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number" title="Irrational number">irrational</a>&nbsp;(see&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_e_is_irrational" title="Proof that e is irrational">proof that e is irrational</a>), and furthermore is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number" title="Transcendental number">transcendental</a>&nbsp;(<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann%E2%80%93Weierstrass_theorem" title="Lindemann&ndash;Weierstrass theorem">Lindemann&ndash;Weierstrass theorem</a>). It was the first number to be proved transcendental without having been specifically constructed for this purpose (compare with&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_number" title="Liouville number">Liouville number</a>); the proof was given by&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hermite" title="Charles Hermite">Charles Hermite</a>&nbsp;in 1873. It is conjectured to be&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_number" title="Normal number">normal</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Complex_numbers" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Complex_numbers" title="Complex_numbers"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Complex numbers">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Complex numbers</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function" title="Exponential function">exponential function</a>&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;may be written as a&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series" title="Taylor series">Taylor series</a></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/b/0/c/b0ce9086ab8ac6013da85f984306c4b3.png" alt=" e^{x} = 1 + {x \over 1!} + {x^{2} \over 2!} + {x^{3} \over 3!} + \cdots = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n!}" width="318" height="49" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Because this series keeps many important properties for&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;even when&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex</a>, it is commonly used to extend the definition of&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em"><em>x</em></sup>&nbsp;to the complex numbers. This, with the Taylor series for&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_function" title="Trigonometric function" class="mw-redirect">sin and cos&nbsp;<em>x</em></a>, allows one to derive&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula" title="Euler's formula">Euler&#39;s formula</a>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/0/d/40d9a3c31c4a52cb551dd4470b602d82.png" alt="e^{ix} = \cos x + i\sin x,\,\!" width="166" height="22" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">which holds for all&nbsp;<em>x</em>. The special case with&nbsp;<em>x</em>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">&pi;</a>&nbsp;is known as&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_identity" title="Euler's identity">Euler&#39;s identity</a>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/9/b/0/9b0db59874cc7c1cc97abd52402520fe.png" alt="e^{i\pi}+1 =0 .\,\!" width="97" height="20" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Consequently,</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/f/1/c/f1cd6e9c1e708549bf56fa80038cdd2f.png" alt="e^{i\pi}=-1,\,\!" width="79" height="22" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">from which it follows that, in the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_branch" title="Principal branch">principal branch</a>&nbsp;of the logarithm,</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/5/a/a/5aa8212832e76b6b840d61f17f0b7488.png" alt="\log_e (-1) = i\pi.\,\!" width="122" height="21" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Furthermore, using the laws for exponentiation,</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/c/4/6c4475aab49c315e66022552f5826309.png" alt="(\cos x + i\sin x)^n = \left(e^{ix}\right)^n = e^{inx} = \cos (nx) + i \sin (nx)," width="463" height="31" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">which is&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Moivre%27s_formula" title="De Moivre's formula">de Moivre&#39;s formula</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The case,</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/f/c/4fcfcb21b80536bf2da117a1b9dfc073.png" alt="\cos (x) + i \sin (x)\,\!" width="136" height="21" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">is commonly referred to as Cis(x).</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Differential_equations" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Differential_equations" title="Differential_equations"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Differential equations">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Differential equations</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The general function</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/a/8/e/a8e047482528c31c34f3751444049a58.png" alt="y(x) = ce^x\," width="88" height="21" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">is the solution to the differential equation:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/3/7/737c15c74932f253fc53c8277cc8d994.png" alt="y' = y.\," width="55" height="21" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Representations" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Representations" title="Representations"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Representations">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Representations</span></h2><div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="padding-left: 2em; font-style: italic">Main article:&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representations_of_e" title="Representations of e">Representations of e</a></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;can be represented as a&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real number</a>&nbsp;in a variety of ways: as an&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_series" title="Infinite series" class="mw-redirect">infinite series</a>, an&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_product" title="Infinite product">infinite product</a>, a&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction" title="Continued fraction">continued fraction</a>, or a&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_sequence" title="Limit of a sequence">limit of a sequence</a>. The chief among these representations, particularly in introductory&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a>&nbsp;courses is the limit</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/2/1/6212718be53585f4cb2f5d5870517c8b.png" alt="\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n," width="131" height="43" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">given above, as well as the series</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/c/c/d/ccd9aa9dff01f5631d00c01d6a263111.png" alt="e=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!}" width="85" height="48" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">given by evaluating the above power series for&nbsp;<em>e</em><sup style="line-height: 1em">x</sup>&nbsp;at&nbsp;<em>x</em>=1.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Still other less common representations are also available. For instance,&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;can be represented as an infinite simple&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction" title="Continued fraction">continued fraction</a>:</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/6/1/d/61d57c64c0e4e0638b2d60ed0de6eee7.png" alt="e=2+ \cfrac{1}{ 1+\cfrac{1}{ {\mathbf 2}+\cfrac{1}{ 1+\cfrac{1}{ 1+\cfrac{1}{ {\mathbf 4}+\cfrac{1}{ \ddots } } } } } }" width="276" height="199" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Or, in a more compact form (sequence&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A003417" title="http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/A003417" class="external text">A003417</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-Line_Encyclopedia_of_Integer_Sequences" title="On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences">OEIS</a>):</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/5/b/d5bf248824a983d083b159a0c72f1bee.png" alt="e = [[2; 1, \textbf{2}, 1, 1, \textbf{4}, 1, 1, \textbf{6}, 1, 1, \textbf{8}, 1, \ldots,1, \textbf{2n}, 1,\ldots]], \," width="434" height="20" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">which can be written more harmoniously by allowing zero:<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/0/8/e/08e936b155dac0a6c51c43dee64c429b.png" alt=" e = [[ 1 , \textbf{0} , 1 , 1, \textbf{2}, 1, 1, \textbf{4}, 1 , 1 , \textbf{6}, 1, \ldots]]. \," width="311" height="20" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">Many other series, sequence, continued fraction, and infinite product representations of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;have also been developed.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Stochastic_representations" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Stochastic_representations" title="Stochastic_representations"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Stochastic representations">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Stochastic representations</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">In addition to the deterministic analytical expressions for representation of&nbsp;<em>e</em>, as described above, there are some stochastic protocols for estimation of&nbsp;<em>e</em>. In one such protocol, random samples&nbsp;<span style="font-family: serif; white-space: nowrap" class="texhtml"><em>X</em><sub style="line-height: 1em">1</sub>,<em>X</em><sub style="line-height: 1em">2</sub>,...,<em>X</em><sub style="line-height: 1em"><em>n</em></sub></span>&nbsp;of size n from the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_distribution_(continuous)" title="Uniform distribution (continuous)">uniform distribution</a>&nbsp;on (0, 1) are used to approximate&nbsp;<em>e</em>. If</p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"><dd style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; line-height: 1.5em"><img style="vertical-align: middle; border-style: none" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/b/7/4b7c6b6e3529e1e18d30d16023a3e4e3.png" alt="U= \min { \left \{ n \mid X_1+X_2+...+X_n &gt; 1 \right \} }," width="327" height="20" /></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">then the expectation of&nbsp;<em>U</em>&nbsp;is&nbsp;<em>e</em>:&nbsp;<span style="font-family: serif; white-space: nowrap" class="texhtml"><em>E</em>(<em>U</em>) =&nbsp;<em>e</em></span>.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Thus sample averages of&nbsp;<em>U</em>&nbsp;variables will approximate&nbsp;<em>e</em>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Known_digits" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Known_digits" title="Known_digits"></a></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 132%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom-style: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 76%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Known digits">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Known digits</span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">The number of known digits of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;has increased dramatically during the last decades. This is due both to the increase of performance of computers as well as to algorithmic improvements.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p><table border="0" class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0px; color: black; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #f9f9f9; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid"><caption style="font-weight: bold"><strong>Number of known decimal digits of&nbsp;<em>e</em></strong></caption><tbody><tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; text-align: center; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Date</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; text-align: center; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Decimal digits</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; text-align: center; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Computation performed by</th></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1748</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">18</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a><sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1853</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">137</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shanks" title="William Shanks">William Shanks</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1871</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">205</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shanks" title="William Shanks">William Shanks</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1884</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">346</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">J. Marcus Boorman</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1946</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">808</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">&nbsp;?</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1949</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2,010</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a>&nbsp;(on the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC" title="ENIAC">ENIAC</a>)</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1961</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">100,265</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Shanks" title="Daniel Shanks">Daniel Shanks</a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #cc2200; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Wrench&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="John Wrench (page does not exist)" class="new">John Wrench</a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1981</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">116,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gary_Wozniak" title="Stephen Gary Wozniak" class="mw-redirect">Stephen Gary Wozniak</a>&nbsp;(on the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II" class="mw-redirect">Apple II</a><sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1994</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">10,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Robert Nemiroff &amp; Jerry Bonnell</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1997 May</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">18,199,978</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Patrick Demichel</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1997 August</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">20,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Birger Seifert</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1997 September</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">50,000,817</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Patrick Demichel</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1999 February</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">200,000,579</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Sebastian Wedeniwski</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1999 October</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">869,894,101</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Sebastian Wedeniwski</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1999 November 21</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">1,250,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2000 July 10</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2,147,483,648</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2000 July 16</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">3,221,225,472</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Colin Martin &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2000 August 2</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">6,442,450,944</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2000 August 16</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">12,884,901,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2003 August 21</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">25,100,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2003 September 18</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">50,100,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Xavier Gourdon</td></tr><tr><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">2007 April 27</td><td align="right" style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">100,000,000,000</td><td style="border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 0.2em">Shigeru Kondo &amp; Steve Pagliarulo</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="In_computer_culture" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="In_computer_culture" title="In_computer_culture"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: In computer culture">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">In computer culture</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">In contemporary&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_culture" title="Internet culture" class="mw-redirect">internet culture</a>, individuals and organizations frequently pay homage to the number&nbsp;<em>e</em>.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">For example, in the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPO" title="IPO" class="mw-redirect">IPO</a>&nbsp;filing for&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, in 2004, rather than a typical round-number amount of money, the company announced its intention to raise $2,718,281,828, which is&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;billion<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">dollars</a>&nbsp;to the nearest dollar. Google was also responsible for a mysterious billboard<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;that appeared in the heart of&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>, and later in&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>;&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" title="Seattle, Washington" class="mw-redirect">Seattle, Washington</a>; and&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>. It read&nbsp;<em>{first 10-digit prime found in consecutive digits of</em>&nbsp;e<em>}.com</em>&nbsp;(now defunct). Solving this problem and visiting the advertised web site led to an even more difficult problem to solve, which in turn leads to&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Labs" title="Google Labs">Google Labs</a>&nbsp;where the visitor is invited to submit a resume.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The first 10-digit prime in&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;is 7427466391, which starts as late as at the 99th digit.<sup style="line-height: 1em" class="reference"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; white-space: nowrap; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;(A random stream of digits has a 98.4% chance of starting a 10-digit prime sooner.)</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">In another instance, the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a>&nbsp;let the version numbers of his program&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/METAFONT" title="METAFONT" class="mw-redirect">METAFONT</a>&nbsp;approach e. The versions are 2, 2.7, 2.71, 2.718, and so forth.</p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="Notes" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="Notes" title="Notes"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">Notes</span></h2><div class="references-small references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="font-size: 90%"><ol class="references" style="font-size: 100%; list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; line-height: 1.5em; padding: 0px"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-0">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Keisler, H.J.&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.vias.org/calculus/08_exp-log_functions_03_01.html" title="http://www.vias.org/calculus/08_exp-log_functions_03_01.html" class="external text">Derivatives of Exponential Functions and the Number e</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Keisler, H.J.&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.vias.org/calculus/08_exp-log_functions_06_01.html" title="http://www.vias.org/calculus/08_exp-log_functions_06_01.html" class="external text">General Solution of First Order Differential Equation</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong>&nbsp;<cite id="CITEREFHoward_Whitley_Eves1969" class="book" style="font-style: normal; word-wrap: break-word">Howard Whitley Eves (1969).&nbsp;<em><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=LIsuAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22important+numbers+in+mathematics%22&amp;dq=%22important+numbers+in+mathematics%22&amp;pgis=1" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=LIsuAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22important+numbers+in+mathematics%22&amp;dq=%22important+numbers+in+mathematics%22&amp;pgis=1" class="external text">An Introduction to the History of Mathematics</a></em>. Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston.</cite></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-OConnor_3-0">^</a></strong>&nbsp;O&#39;Connor, J.J., and Roberson, E.F.;&nbsp;<em>The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</em>:&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/e.html" title="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/e.html" class="external text">&quot;The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&quot;</a>; University of St Andrews Scotland (2001)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-4">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Grinstead, C.M. and Snell, J.L.&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html" title="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/book.html" class="external text"><em>Introduction to probability theory</em></a>&nbsp;(published online under the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFDL" title="GFDL" class="mw-redirect">GFDL</a>), p. 85.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Knuth (1997)&nbsp;<em><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a></em>&nbsp;Volume I, Addison-Wesley, p. 183.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong>&nbsp;See, for instance, Kline, M. (1998)&nbsp;<em>Calculus: An intuitive and physical approach</em>, Dover, section 12.3 &quot;The Derived Functions of Logarithmic Functions.&quot;</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-7">^</a></strong>&nbsp;This is the approach taken by Klein (1998).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-8">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Hofstadter, D. R., &quot;Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought&quot; Basic Books (1995)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Russell, K. G. (1991)&nbsp;<em><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1305%28199102%2945%3A1%3C66%3AETVOEB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U" title="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1305%28199102%2945%3A1%3C66%3AETVOEB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U" class="external text">Estimating the Value of e by Simulation</a></em>&nbsp;The American Statistician, Vol. 45, No. 1. (Feb., 1991), pp. 66-68.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-10">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Dinov, ID (2007)&nbsp;<em><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_EduMaterials_Activities_LawOfLargeNumbers#Estimating_e_using_SOCR_simulation" title="http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_EduMaterials_Activities_LawOfLargeNumbers#Estimating_e_using_SOCR_simulation" class="external text">Estimating e using SOCR simulation</a></em>, SOCR Hands-on Activities (retrieved&nbsp;<span class="mw-formatted-date"><span class="mw-formatted-date"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a></span>,&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></span>).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Sebah, P. and Gourdon, X.;&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/E/e.html" title="http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/E/e.html" class="external text">The constant e and its computation</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-12">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Gourdon, X.;&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/PiProgram/computations.html" title="http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/PiProgram/computations.html" class="external text">Reported large computations with PiFast</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-13">^</a></strong>&nbsp;New Scientist 21st July 2007 p.40</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong>&nbsp;Byte Magazine Vol 6, Issue 6 (June 1981) p.392) &quot;The Impossible Dream: Computing e to 116,000 places with a Personal Computer&quot;</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong>&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://braintags.com/archives/2004/07/first-10digit-prime-found-in-consecutive-digits-of-e/" title="http://braintags.com/archives/2004/07/first-10digit-prime-found-in-consecutive-digits-of-e/" class="external text">First 10-digit prime found in consecutive digits of e - Brain Tags</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-16">^</a></strong>&nbsp;<cite id="CITEREFShea" class="news" style="font-style: normal; word-wrap: break-word">Shea, Andrea. &quot;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3916173" title="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3916173" class="external text">Google Entices Job-Searchers with Math Puzzle</a>&quot;.&nbsp;<em>NPR</em><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-06-09</span>.</cite></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><strong><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant)#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong>&nbsp;<cite id="CITEREFKazmierczak2004" class="web" style="font-style: normal; word-wrap: break-word">Kazmierczak, Marcus (2004-07-29).&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mkaz.com/math/google/" title="http://www.mkaz.com/math/google/" class="external text">&quot;Math&nbsp;: Google Labs Problems&quot;</a>. mkaz.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-06-09</span>.</cite></li></ol></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="References" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="References" title="References"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2><ul style="list-style-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/bullet.gif'); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; padding: 0px"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em">Maor, Eli;&nbsp;<em>e: The Story of a Number</em>,&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691058547" class="internal">ISBN 0-691-05854-7</a></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em"><a id="External_links" style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" name="External_links" title="External_links"></a></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 150%; background-image: none; padding-bottom: 0.17em; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; color: black; padding-top: 0.5em; border-bottom: #aaaaaa 1px solid; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial"><span style="font-size: 67%; float: right; margin-left: 5px" class="editsection">[<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E_(mathematical_constant)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2><ul style="list-style-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/bullet.gif'); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; padding: 0px"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/127" title="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/127" class="external text">The number&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;to 1 million places</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_dig.html" title="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_dig.html" class="external text">2 and 5 million places</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://jeff560.tripod.com/constants.html" title="http://jeff560.tripod.com/constants.html" class="external text">Earliest Uses of Symbols for Constants</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.austms.org.au/Modules/Exp/" title="http://www.austms.org.au/Modules/Exp/" class="external text">e the EXPONENTIAL - the Magic Number of GROWTH</a>&nbsp;- Keith Tognetti, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://betterexplained.com/articles/an-intuitive-guide-to-exponential-functions-e/" title="http://betterexplained.com/articles/an-intuitive-guide-to-exponential-functions-e/" class="external text">An Intuitive Guide To Exponential Functions &amp; e at BetterExplained.com</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&amp;EventId=510" title="http://www.gresham.ac.uk/event.asp?PageId=45&amp;EventId=510" class="external text">&quot;The story of&nbsp;<em>e</em>&quot;</a>, by Robin Wilson at&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a>,&nbsp;<span class="mw-formatted-date"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">28 February</a>&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></span>&nbsp;(available for audio and video download)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em"><a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ginac.de/CLN/" title="http://www.ginac.de/CLN/" class="external text">Class Library for Numbers</a>&nbsp;(part of the&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GiNaC" title="GiNaC">GiNaC</a>&nbsp;distribution) includes example code for computing&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;to arbitrary precision.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em">The&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCR" title="SOCR" class="mw-redirect">SOCR</a>&nbsp;resource provides a&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_EduMaterials_Activities_Uniform_E_EstimateExperiment" title="http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_EduMaterials_Activities_Uniform_E_EstimateExperiment" class="external text">hands-on activity</a>&nbsp;and an&nbsp;<a style="padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; padding-left: 0px; background-image: url('http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png'); padding-bottom: 0px; color: #3366bb; padding-top: 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" rel="nofollow" href="http://socr.ucla.edu/htmls/SOCR_Experiments.html" title="http://socr.ucla.edu/htmls/SOCR_Experiments.html" class="external text">interactive Java applet (Uniform E-Estimate Experiment)</a>&nbsp;for computing&nbsp;<em>e</em>&nbsp;using a simulation based on&nbsp;<a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_distribution_(continuous)" title="Uniform distribution (continuous)">uniform distribution</a>.</li></ul><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em">&nbsp;</p><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="clear: both; margin-top: 1em; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: #aaaaaa 1px solid; padding: 5px"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>:&nbsp;<span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transcendental_numbers" title="Category:Transcendental numbers">Transcendental numbers</a></span>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_constants" title="Category:Mathematical constants">Mathematical constants</a></span>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Exponentials" title="Category:Exponentials">Exponentials</a></span>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<span><a style="background-image: none; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Logarithms" title="Category:Logarithms">Logarithms</a></span></div></div></div></span></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/e" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'e'">e</a> </p> Noam Chomsky on Economic Crisis, Resistance to American Empire http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-266571 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 06:44:04 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/4/noam_chomsky_on_economic_crisis_resistance_to_american_empire <p><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2009/4/13/noam_chomsky_on_the_global_economic">Democracy Now!</a><br /></div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana; line-height: 15px" class="Apple-style-span"><div id="show_nav" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; border-width: 0px; padding: 0px"><h4 style="color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px" class="nomargin"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #990000; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial" href="http://www.democracynow.org/shows/2009/4/13">April 13, 2009</a></h4><h4 style="color: #000000; font-size: 12px; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px" class="nomargin"><br /></h4></div><h2 style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; font: normal normal normal 17px/21px Georgia, Times, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica; float: left; margin: 0px" class="segment">Noam Chomsky on the Global Economic Crisis, Healthcare, US Foreign Policy and Resistance to American Empire</h2><img style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; float: right; border-width: 0px" class="storyimage" src="http://www.democracynow.org/images/story/69/17569/chomsky-new-web.jpg" alt="Chomsky-new-web" /><div class="intro" style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px"><p style="padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0px">Part II of our conversation with MIT professor and author Noam Chomsky on the global economic crisis, healthcare, the media, US foreign policy, the expanding wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan, resistance to American empire, and more.</p><p style="padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0px"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">&ldquo;As far as policy is concerned, unless [Obama] is under a lot of pressure from activist sectors, he&rsquo;s not going to go beyond what he&rsquo;s presented himself as in actual policy statements</span> or cabinet choices and so on: a centrist Democrat [who&rsquo;s] going to basically continue Bush&rsquo;s polices, maybe in a more modulated way,&rdquo; says Chomsky. 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background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 19px; margin-bottom: 2px; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 15px; margin-right: 8px" href="http://media.libsyn.com/media/democracynow/dn2009-0413-1.mp3" class="mp3_download">MP3 Download</a></p><p style="margin-right: 1px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 1px; margin-top: 0px"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #990000; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: url('http://www.democracynow.org/images/nav/icon_plus.png'); background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 3px; padding-left: 19px; margin-bottom: 2px; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 15px; margin-right: 8px" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2009/4/13/stream" class="plus">More&hellip;</a></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style="margin-top: 0px">Guest:</p><p style="margin-left: 42px; margin-top: 0px" class="guest_appearance"><strong style="color: #000000">Noam Chomsky</strong>, author and Institute Professor Emeritus at MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he taught for over half a century. Among his many dozens of books are&nbsp;<em>Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs</em>,&nbsp;<em>The New Military Humanism: Lessons from Kosovo</em>,&nbsp;<em>Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians</em>,&nbsp;<em>Manufacturing Consent</em>,<em>Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies</em>, and<em>Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy</em>.</p><div class="red_box" style="margin-top: 1.5em; margin-right: 0em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0em; border-width: 1px; border-color: #cc0000; border-style: solid; padding: 1em"><h3 style="font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #666666; padding: 0px; margin: 0px"><a style="text-decoration: none; color: #990000; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial" name="transcript" title="transcript"></a></h3><h3 style="font-size: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #666666; padding: 0px; margin: 0px">RELATED DEMOCRACY NOW! STORIES</h3><ul style="margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 1em"><li style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0em"><a style="text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; color: #660000" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2009/4/3/noam">Noam Chomsky on US Expansion of Afghan Occupation, the Uses of NATO, and What Obama Should Do in Israel-Palestine</a>(4/3/2009)</li></ul></div><p style="margin-top: 0px">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px"><strong style="color: #000000">AMY GOODMAN:&nbsp;</strong>Today, a conversation with one of the most important dissident intellectuals of our time, Noam Chomsky, on the global economic crisis, healthcare, the media, US foreign policy, the expanding wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and resistance to American empire. Noam Chomsky is a world-renowned linguist, philosopher, social critic, and Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">Among his many books over the past few decades are&nbsp;<em>Hegemony or Survival: America&rsquo;s Quest for Global Dominance</em>,&nbsp;<em>Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media</em>,&nbsp;<em>Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order</em>, and&nbsp;<em>Human Rights and American Foreign Policy</em>. There&rsquo;s a great collection of his work, just out now, edited by Anthony Arnove, called&nbsp;<em>The Essential Chomsky</em>.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">I spoke to Noam Chomsky earlier this month when we were on the road in Boston. This is Part II of our conversation. I began by asking him to talk about the current economic meltdown.&nbsp;</p><ul><p style="margin-top: 0px"><strong style="color: #000000">NOAM CHOMSKY:&nbsp;</strong>Well, let&rsquo;s start with G20. If you look at the<em>Financial Times</em>, the world&rsquo;s major business journal, the day before the G20 meeting, they had a section on it, and they pointed out, I think correctly, that the main purpose is to present a picture of harmony and agreement. It doesn&rsquo;t matter what you do, but make it look as if we&rsquo;re all together on this. Now, there are sharp splits about how to approach the issue, but you have to make it look as if we&rsquo;re all together. That&rsquo;s pretty much what happened.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">Now, in the communiqu&eacute;, which you read before, the crucial word was &ldquo;voluntary.&rdquo; So, the countries there are supposed to voluntarily choose to do&nbsp;<em>x</em>,&nbsp;<em>y</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>z</em>. Well, that means we couldn&rsquo;t make an agreement. So we&rsquo;ll call it voluntary agreement.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">Now, there was one point on which they agreed: a sharp recapitalization of the International Monetary Fund; pour a lot of money into the IMF. That&rsquo;s a pretty dubious move. I mean, the record of the IMF has&mdash;the IMF is more or less a branch of the US Treasury, even though it has a European director. Its past role has been extremely destructive. In fact, its American US executive director captured its role when she described it as &ldquo;the credit community&rsquo;s enforcer,&rdquo; meaning if a third world dictator incurs a huge debt&mdash;people didn&rsquo;t, but the dictator did; say, Suharto in Indonesia&mdash;and then the debt defaults, the lenders, who have made plenty of money because it was a risky loan so they get high interest and so on, they have to be protected, meaning not by the dictator, by the people of Indonesia, who are subjected to harsh structural adjustment programs so that they can pay back the debt, which they didn&rsquo;t incur, so that we can be compensated, rich Westerners can be compensated. So that&rsquo;s the IMF, the credit community&rsquo;s enforcer, a very destructive role in the third world. Now it&rsquo;s to be recapitalized.&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px">Now, there&rsquo;s discussion about this, and it&rsquo;s interesting. You can read it in the financial pages. The supporters of the recapitalization say, &ldquo;Well, the IMF has changed its spots. It&rsquo;s going to be different from now on. We realize that it had this terrible role, but now it&rsquo;s going to be different.&rdquo; Well, is there any reason to believe it will be different? In fact, if you look today, it&rsquo;s quite striking to see the advice that the Western powers are following, the programs that they&rsquo;re following, and compare them to the instructions given to the third world.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">So, say, take Indonesia again. Indonesia had a huge financial crisis about ten years ago, and the instructions were the standard ones: &ldquo;Here is what you have to do. First, pay off your debts to us. Second, privatize, so that we can then pick up your assets on the cheap. Third, raise interest rates to slow down the economy and force the population to suffer, you know, to pay us back.&rdquo; Those are the regular instructions the IMF is still giving them.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">What do we do? Exactly the opposite. We forget about the debt, let it explode. We reduce interest rates to zero to stimulate the economy. We pour money into the economy to get even bigger debts. We don&rsquo;t privatize; we nationalize, except we don&rsquo;t call it nationalization. We give it some other name, like &ldquo;bailout&rdquo; or something. It&rsquo;s essentially nationalization without control. So we pour money into the institutions. We lectured the third world that they must accept free trade, though we accept protectionism.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">Take the &ldquo;too big to fail&rdquo; principle, which the House committee is discussing today. But what does &ldquo;too big to fail&rdquo; mean? &ldquo;Too big to fail&rdquo; is an insurance policy. It&rsquo;s a government insurance policy. Government means the public pays, which says, &ldquo;You can take huge risks and make plenty of profit, and if anything goes wrong, we&rsquo;ll bail you out.&rdquo; That&rsquo;s &ldquo;too big to fail.&rdquo; Well, that&rsquo;s extreme protectionism. It gives US corporations like Citigroup an enormous advantage over others, like any other kind of protection.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px">But we don&rsquo;t allow the third world to do that. I mean, they&rsquo;ve got to privatize, so that we can pick up their assets.&nbsp;</p><a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2009/4/13/noam_chomsky_on_the_global_economic">Read more</a></ul><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center">_________________________________________________________</div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial" class="Apple-style-span"><div class="boxheader" style="font-family: 'Arial Black', sans; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #333355; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; margin: 0px">TODAY ON THE ALEX JONES SHOW</div><ul class="sidebarphotobox" style="list-style-type: none; float: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px"><li style="list-style-type: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/jimtucker2.jpg" alt="Jim Tucker" width="95" height="93" /></li><li style="list-style-type: none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px">Jim Tucker</li></ul><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px">Alex welcomes to the show American Free Press journalist and intrepid Bildberger hunter,&nbsp;<strong>Jim Tucker</strong>. Alex also talks with researcher, author and speaker, host of the Buenos Aires talk-show &ldquo;El Traductor Radial&rdquo; and founder of the Argentine Second Republic Movement (<em>Movimiento por la Segunda Rep&uacute;blica Argentina</em>),<strong>&nbsp;Adrian Salbuchi</strong>. Alex also takes your calls and addresses the important issues of the day.</p><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/listennow.png" border="0" alt="Listen now" width="25" height="25" align="absmiddle" />&nbsp;<a style="color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/stream.pls"><strong>Listen Now</strong></a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/icon_wm.gif" alt="Windows Media " align="absmiddle" />&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong><a style="color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.infowars.com/infowars.asx" target="_blank">Windows Media</a></strong></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">__________________________________________________________________</span></div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div></span></div></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Noam+Chomsky" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Noam Chomsky'">Noam Chomsky</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Global+Economic+Crisis" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Global Economic Crisis'">Global Economic Crisis</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Healthcare" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Healthcare'">Healthcare</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/US+Foreign+Policy" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'US Foreign Policy'">US Foreign Policy</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Resistance+to+American+Empire" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Resistance to American Empire'">Resistance to American Empire</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Alex+Jones" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Alex Jones'">Alex Jones</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/infowars.com" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'infowars.com'">infowars.com</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Democracy+Now%21" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Democracy Now!'">Democracy Now!</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Amy+Goodman" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Amy Goodman'">Amy Goodman</a> </p> Even the Anarchists are Silent http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-265477 Wed, 08 Apr 2009 00:04:37 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/4/even_the_anarchists_are_silent <p><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial" class="Apple-style-span"><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><a style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 24px; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-decoration: none" rel="bookmark" href="http://www.infowars.com/resist-or-become-serfs/" title="Permanent Link to Resist or Become Serfs">Resist or Become Serfs</a></span><br /></div><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span><div class="tagline" style="font-size: 13px; margin: 8px 0px 0px; width: 300px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; padding: 0px"><strong>Chris Hedges<br /></strong>Truthdig<br />April 6, 2009</div><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">America is devolving into a third-world nation. And if we do not immediately halt our elite&rsquo;s rapacious looting of the public treasury we will be left with trillions in debts, which can never be repaid, and widespread human misery which we will be helpless to ameliorate. Our anemic democracy will be replaced with a robust national police state. The elite will withdraw into heavily guarded gated communities where they will have access to security, goods and services that cannot be afforded by the rest of us. Tens of millions of people, brutally controlled, will live in perpetual poverty. This is the inevitable result of unchecked corporate capitalism. The stimulus and bailout plans are not about saving us. They are about saving them. We can resist, which means street protests, disruptions of the system and demonstrations, or become serfs.&nbsp;</p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="416" align="right" style="border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed"><tbody><tr><td height="16" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed"><img src="http://freespeech.vo.llnwd.net/o25/pub/images/onepixel.gif" alt="featured stories Resist or Become Serfs" title="Resist or Become Serfs Photo" width="16" height="16" /></td><td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td width="16" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td><td width="425" height="226" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed"><img src="http://www.infowars.com/images/econteam.jpg" border="1" alt="econ team" title="Resist or Become Serfs Photo" width="400" height="223" /></td></tr><tr><td height="8" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td width="400" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td><td class="photo-caption" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; color: #333333; line-height: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">The Obama administration, rather than chart a new course, is intent on re-inflating the bubble.</td></tr><tr><td height="8" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td><td style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: #bbbbbb 1px dashed">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />We have been in a steady economic decline for decades. The Canadian political philosopher&nbsp;<a style="color: #003366; text-decoration: underline" href="http://www.johnralstonsaul.com/menu_en.html">John Ralston Saul&nbsp;</a>detailed this decline in his 1992 book &ldquo;Voltaire&rsquo;s Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West.&rdquo;&nbsp;<span style="display: inline! important; float: none! important; margin: 0px; cursor: pointer! important; border-width: 0px! important; padding: 0px! important" class="aptureLink "><span style="padding-right: 0px! important; background-position: 100% -1349px; display: inline! important; padding-left: 11px! important; float: none! important; background-image: url('http://static.apture.com/media/imgs/link_icons.gif?v9')! important; padding-bottom: 0px! important; margin: 0px; padding-top: 0px! important; background-repeat: no-repeat! important; border-width: 0px! important" class="aptureLinkIcon">&nbsp;</span><a style="display: inline! important; float: none! important; margin: 0px; color: #003366; text-decoration: underline; border-width: 0px! important; padding: 0px! important" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Cay%20Johnston" class="aptureLink snap_noshots">David Cay Johnston&nbsp;</a></span>exposed the mirage and rot of American capitalism in &ldquo;Free Lunch: How the Wealthiest Americans Enrich Themselves at Government Expense (and Stick You With the Bill),&rdquo; and&nbsp;<a style="color: #003366; text-decoration: underline" href="http://www.davidkorten.org/">David C. Korten</a>, in &ldquo;When Corporations Rule the World&rdquo; and &ldquo;Agenda for a New Economy,&rdquo; laid out corporate malfeasance and abuse. But our universities and mass media, entranced by power and naively believing that global capitalism was an unstoppable force of nature, rarely asked the right questions or gave a prominent voice to those who did. Our elites hid their incompetence and loss of control behind an arrogant facade of specialized jargon and obscure economic theories.</p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px"><a style="color: #003366; text-decoration: underline" href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/20090406_resist_or_become_serfs">Read entire article</a></p><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; text-align: center; padding: 0px">_________________________________________________</p></span></span></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /><h2>Drones<br /><br /><br /></h2><p><a href="http://tenpercent.wordpress.com/2008/03/04/drones-the-cost-effective-killer/">Source:</a> This report backs up what <a href="http://www.naomiklein.org/articles/2007/06/laboratory-fortressed-world">Naomi Klein wrote</a>, that the Israeli weapons industry benefits from using attacks on Palestine as a testing ground for new technology. Which becomes another incentive against peace.</p><blockquote><p><em><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080303/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_deadly_drones">Palestinians say</a> they know when an Israeli drone is in the air: Cell phones stop working, TV reception falters and they can hear a distant buzzing. They also know what&#39;s likely to come next - a devastating explosion on the ground.</em></p><em>&quot;Our experience is that the drone missile is successful in hitting its targets, and it&#39;s deadly,&quot; said Dr. Mahmoud Assali, a Palestinian physician who works in the emergency room of a northern Gaza Strip hospital that has often treated Palestinian gunmen hit by Israeli drones.</em><em> <p>&quot;The drone has a zone of around 15 meters (50 feet) where it decimates everything. It targets people and leaves them in pieces,&quot; Assali said.</p></em><p><em>Israel is at the forefront of the drone technology that is increasingly being used in hotspots around the world. The unmanned craft provide a deadly and cost-effective alternative for armies to target enemies</em></p><em>A militant from the southern Gaza Strip who belongs to the Islamic Jihad group said drones were mostly used to target individuals, and not structures. He said they often hovered at much higher altitudes than manned aircraft and their missiles were frequently more destructive, leaving deep gashes where they landed.</em><em> <p>The militant said the drones usually targeted slow-moving targets, like people walking, or cars slowing down to avoid potholes in a road.</p><p>&quot;It looks like it makes small circles in the sky, but before it&#39;s about to fire a missile, it slows down,&quot; the militant said, speaking on condition of anonymity because he feared being identified by Israel. &quot;It&#39;s not like any other plane. You don&#39;t see the missile leaving, it&#39;s very quiet.&quot;</p></em><em>Israel has long been considered the world leader in drone technology and proudly exhibits its products at international air shows. But it maintains its drones are for surveillance purposes, and refuses to confirm using them in airstrikes.</em><em> <p>Doron Suslik, a top official at the Israel Aerospace Industries, which manufactures drones, said the company has customers from all over the world, including Switzerland, France and India, with annual sales of $500 million to $600 million.</p><p>He refused to divulge the drone&#39;s military capabilities, citing his clients&#39; desire for confidentiality. Government and army officials also refused to comment on the drone&#39;s firing capabilities.</p></em><p><em>The use of drones is shrouded in secrecy, and Israeli defense officials refuse to comment publicly on whether they are being used in airstrikes in Gaza. However, Israeli officers in private conversations have confirmed use of the weapons.</em></p></blockquote>_____________________________________<br /><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"> <div class="asset_container" style="float: none; "> <div class="asset_holding" style="width:400px;float:none"> <object class_id="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" codebase = "http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6, 0, 40, 0" id="obj" name ="eobj" height="329" width="400" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.youtube.com/v/JZtcn6HC0FA"> <param name ="src" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JZtcn6HC0FA" /><param name ="height" value="329" /><param name ="width" value="400" /> <embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JZtcn6HC0FA" height="329" width="400"></embed> </object> <div class="asset_caption">Alex Jones: U.S. is a puppet of private bankers</div> </div> </div><br id="ze_clear_121878" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 23px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia" class="Apple-style-span"><p style="margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px">&nbsp;</p><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" class="subheadlinemain"><span style="font-size: 24px" class="Apple-style-span">_______________________________</span></h1><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif" class="subheadlinemain"><span style="font-size: 24px" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></h1><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: center" class="subheadlinemain"><span style="font-size: 24px" class="Apple-style-span"><img style="width: 468px; height: 225px" src="http://www.banksy.co.uk/outdoors/images/landscapes/nyc/letthemeatcrack.jpg" alt="" width="468" height="225" /><br /></span></h1><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: center" class="subheadlinemain"><span style="font-size: 24px" class="Apple-style-span"><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica"><a href="http://www.banksy.co.uk/">http://www.banksy.co.uk/</a></p></span></h1><h1 style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 2px; margin: 0px; line-height: 130%; padding-top: 0px; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: center" class="subheadlinemain"><span style="font-size: 24px" class="Apple-style-span"><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica">____________________________________________________________</p><p style="margin: 0px; font: 12px Helvetica"><span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: arial; border-collapse: collapse" class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center">Conscience is considered the seventh sense.&nbsp;<br /><br />It is felt instinctively.&nbsp;<br /><br />For the most part, it can&#39;t be taught or conditioned or rehabilitated.&nbsp;<br /><br />The absence of conscience is a non-correctible disfigurement of character. There is no effective treatment.&nbsp;<br /><br />In a word:&nbsp;<strong>Guiltlessness</strong>. More words:&nbsp;<strong>Remorseless, deceitful, manipulative, self-centred, callous, unscrupulous, emotionally shallow.</strong>&nbsp;<br /><br />There was a time when the condition was described as &quot;moral imbecility,&quot; which still fits. The modern shrinking heads bible, <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV</em>, refers to the clinical diagnosis of little or no conscience as &quot;anti-social personality disorder.&quot;<br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #274d74"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #274d74"><span style="font-family: Arial">More commonly, it&#39;s called psychopathy or the slightly semantic alternative, sociopathy.&nbsp;</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Helvetica; border-collapse: separate" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #274d74" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div></span></p><div style="text-align: center"><span style="line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia; border-collapse: separate" class="Apple-style-span">&nbsp;_______________________________</span></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia; border-collapse: separate" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="line-height: 18px; font-family: Georgia; border-collapse: separate" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: normal; font-family: arial; border-collapse: collapse" class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAtVUx8_Rps&amp;feature=related"><br /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center"><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAtVUx8_Rps&amp;feature=related"><img src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/qAtVUx8_Rps/default.jpg" alt="Argentina's Economic Collapse - Part 11 of 12" title="Argentina's Economic Collapse - Part 11 of 12" width="130" height="99" /></a>&nbsp;<br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAtVUx8_Rps&amp;feature=related" title="Argentina's Economic Collapse - Part 11 of 12">Argentina&#39;s Economic Collapse - Part 11 of 12</a></div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center">____________________________________________</div><div style="text-align: center"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: Times; border-collapse: separate" class="Apple-style-span"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><strong>The People&#39;s </strong></font><strong>Terror Watch:</strong></p><p><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">(theft, fraud, counterfeiting</span><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">, slavery,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">crimes of non-conscience</span><strong><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span"> </span></strong><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span">against humanity)&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">(the ?accountants?, management, owners/shareholders, executives and lobbyists&nbsp;of and for,&nbsp;but not limited to,&nbsp;the following collectives)</span></span></p><p><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p><strong>Information Terrorism/Omission of Truth</strong></p><p>Controlled Media:<br />television / newspapers / magazines / movies / news</p><br /><p><strong>Financial Terrorism &amp; Enslavement</strong></p><p>Federal Reserve</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">I</span>nternational <span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">M</span>onetary<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> F</span>und</p><p>Goldman Sachs</p><p>JP Morgan Chase</p><p>Citibank</p><p>TD Canada &quot;Trust&quot;</p><p>Bank of America</p><p>Central Bank of England</p><p>Central Bank of Canada</p><p>Worldbank</p><p>US Government, Senate and Congress</p><p>The Crown/Queen</p><p>AIG</p><p>Insurance Companies</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">C</span>anada<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> R</span>evenue<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> A</span>gency</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">I</span>nternal&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">R</span>evenue<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> S</span>ervice</p><p>Canadian Parliament/Government</p><p>Bilderberg Group</p><br /><p><strong>Medical/Health Terrorism</strong></p><p>Mercury Dentists/ADA |&nbsp;CDA</p><p>Pharma Doctors/AMA&nbsp;| CMA</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">F</span>ood<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> &amp; D</span>rug<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> A</span>dministration</p><p>Monsanto</p><p>US Government</p><p>Canadian Government</p><br /><p><strong>Religious Terrorism</strong></p><p>Pope</p><p>Religion</p><br /><p><strong><strike>Government</strike> Corporate Terrorism</strong></p><p>US Government, Congress, Senate</p><p>Canadian Parliament, Government</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">C</span>entral&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">I</span>ntelligence<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> A</span>gency</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">F</span>ederal&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">B</span>ureau of<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> I</span>nvestigation</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">F</span>ederal&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">E</span>mergency<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> M</span>anagemen<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">t A</span>gency</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">C</span>anadian<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> S</span>ecurity<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> I</span>ntelligence<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> S</span>ervice</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">R</span>oyal<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> C</span>anadian<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> M</span>ounted<span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"> P</span>olice</p><br /><p><strong>Military Terrorism</strong></p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">IMF<br /></span></p><p>DHS</p><p>Federal Reserve</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">C</span>ouncil on <span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">F</span>oreign <span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">R</span>elations</p><p>Trilateral Commission</p><p>Club of Rome</p><p>300 Club</p><p>Bilderberg Group</p><p>US Government</p><p>Canadian Government</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Federal Reserve</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px"><span style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px" class="Apple-style-span">I</span>nternational&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px" class="Apple-style-span">M</span>onetary<span style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px" class="Apple-style-span">&nbsp;F</span>und</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Goldman Sachs</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">JP Morgan Chase</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Citibank</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">TD Canada &quot;Trust&quot;</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Bank of America</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Central Bank of England</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Central Bank of Canada</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px">Worldbank</p></span><br /><br /><br /><p><strong>Bio/Environmental Terrorism</strong></p><p>Monsanto</p><p>Exxon Mobil</p><p>Syncrude</p><p>US Government</p><p>Canadian Government</p><p>CFR</p><p>ADA/CDA</p><p>AMA/CMA</p><p>FDA</p><br /><p>______________________________________________</p><p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'" class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">If they can surveille us then we will surveille them.</font>&nbsp;</p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: Times" class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html#a1"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="text-decoration: none" class="Apple-style-span">I</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="text-decoration: none" class="Apple-style-span">&nbsp;will</span></span></a></span>&nbsp;not&nbsp;</span></font><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="text-decoration: none" class="Apple-style-span">live in&nbsp;</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span"><span style="text-decoration: none" class="Apple-style-span">fear.</span></span></font></a><span style="font-weight: bold" class="Apple-style-span">&nbsp;</span></p><br /><br /><br /><p>.</p></div></span><br /></h1></span><br id="ze_clear_asset_265477" class="ze_clear" style="clear:both"/></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/infowars.com" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'infowars.com'">infowars.com</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/banksy.co.uk" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'banksy.co.uk'">banksy.co.uk</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/peace" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'peace'">peace</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/conscience" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'conscience'">conscience</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/truth" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'truth'">truth</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/accountable" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'accountable'">accountable</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/drones" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'drones'">drones</a> </p> The Obama Deception http://noneed2know.gaia.com Resonant Truth < It's No Mystery. tag:gaia.com,2009:Gaia-261639 Fri, 13 Mar 2009 20:24:23 GMT http://noneed2know.gaia.com/blog/2009/3/the-obama-deception <p><strong><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center"><a id="video-url-eAaQNACwaLw" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAaQNACwaLw"><img src="http://i2.ytimg.com/vi/eAaQNACwaLw/default.jpg" alt="The Obama Deception" title="The Obama Deception" width="120" height="90" /></a><br /><br />1:53:40 <a id="video-short-title-eAaQNACwaLw" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAaQNACwaLw" title="The Obama Deception"><strong>The Obama Deception</strong></a> </div><br /></strong><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><div align="center"><strong>W&nbsp; A&nbsp; K&nbsp; E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U&nbsp; P</strong> <br /></div></strong><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="center">.</div></p> <p> <b>Tags:</b> <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/The+Obama+Deception" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'The Obama Deception'">The Obama Deception</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Alex+Jones" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Alex Jones'">Alex Jones</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Webster+Tarpley" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Webster Tarpley'">Webster Tarpley</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/Gerald+Celente" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'Gerald Celente'">Gerald Celente</a>, <a href="gaia.com/blogs/tags/wake+up" rel="tag" title="See all blog entries tagged 'wake up'">wake up</a> </p>